XVII. SPONGLF. 
10 Spong. 
of Spongillids in the Lago di Garda, two of which ( Ephydatia robusta , 
Potts and Carterius tubisperma , Potts) are new to the European fauna. — 
Vangel (38) enumerates 5 species of Spongillids from the Platten-lake in 
Hungary. 
Continent of Asia. — Hoernes (13) considers Lubomirskia baicalensis, 
Dyb. as a relict marine sponge and its presence in the Baikal a proof 
of the marine nature of that lake. 
Continent of Africa. — Moore (27) mentions sponges growing on Neo- 
thauma shells in Lake Tanganyika. — W eltner (40) mentions 6 species of 
Spongillids from Eastern Africa. 
Continent of South America. — Austen (1) mentions two Spongillids from 
the lower Amazon. 
European coast of North Atlantic and Rockall.— Brandt (2) states that 
26 species of Sponges occur in the Cattegat and 13 in the Bay of Kiel. — 
Marshall (24) enumerates the Sponges most frequently occurring on the 
German coast. — L endenfeld (19) describes 7 species of Sponges from 
Bockall. 
Mediterranean. — Richard & Neuville (31) describe Sponges from the 
Alboran Island. — L endenfeld (21) describes 30 species of Clavulina 
from the Adriatic. Of the 10 families and 26 genera of Clavulina 
recognized by him, 8 families and 15 genera occur in the Adriatic. — 
Breitfuss (3) describes a Calcareous Sponge from the Adriatic. 
Northern Pacific, Asiatic coast and Islands. — Ejima (14) describes 9 
species of Hexactinellids from Sagami Bay. — L indgren (22) describes 
30 species of Silicea from the Chinese sea. — E lera (8) mentions 14 species 
of Silicea from the Philippines. 
East Indies. — Lindgren (22) describes 31 spocies of Silicea from the 
coast of Java. — T opsent (37) describes one calcareous Sponge and 80 spocies 
of Silicea from Ambon. — B reitfuss (4) describes 6 species of Calcarea 
from Ternate. 
African coast of Indian Ocean. — Lendenfeld (20) describes 17 species 
of Silicea from Zanzibar. 
South Pacific , Australia and Islands. — Dendy (5) describes 40 species of 
Silicea from Port Phillip Heads. — L endenfeld (17) mentions 5 species of 
Cornacuspongice from the Auckland Islands. — W hitelegge (41) describes 
16 species from Funafuti. 
3. GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION [cf. Titles 7, 29, 41]. 
Lower Silunan. — Dun (7) describes a Protospongia from Stockyard 
Creek, co. Alexander, New South Wales. 
Jurassic. — Oppliger (29) describes 39 Hexactinellids, 22 Lithistids and 
10 Pharetrones from Baden, Switzerland. 
Cretaco- Jurassic. — Zeise (41) describes 29 Silicea and 27 Calcarea from 
Stramberg. 
4. PIIYLOGENY and CLASSIFICATION [cf. Titles 6, 9, 14, 18, 
21, 25, 26, 34, 36]. 
Francis (9) does not believe that the Sponges are related to the choano- 
flagellate Protozoa. 
Minchin (26) discusses the views held by different authors concerning 
the phyletic relationship of Sponges with other organisms and their 
systematic position. He thinks that every one of the existing hypothoses 
on this subject is open to grave objections. The least objectionable seems 
to him the one according to which the Sponges form a separate phylum 
within the Metazoa. 
Lendenfeld (18) shortly discusses the arrangement of Sponges in six 
orders. 
