XVII. SPONGIjE. 
12 Spong. 
According to this the Order Monaxonida is divided into two suborders, 
Clavulina and Cornacuspongice, and the Clavulina into three tribes, 10 
families and 26 genera. 
Topsent (36) proposes to place the genus Halicnemia , which he now 
considers nearly related to Higginsia , in the Axinellidce. 
5. METHODS [cf. Title 32]. 
Rousseau (32) has successfully decalcified calcareous Sponges without 
injuring the soft parts by imbedding in celloidin, treating the imbedded 
piece with 85% alcohol and nitric acid and washing out in the presence 
of carbonate of lime; and finally sectioning. An analogous method 
with hydrofluoric instead of nitric acid gives good results when applied 
to siliceous Sponges. 
III. SYSTEMATIC. 
GALCAREA. 
HOMOCGELA [cf. Titles 3, 18, 25]. 
Ascandra hermesi, Breitfuss, Zeitsclir. wiss. Zool. lxiii, p. 39, n. sp. 
Ascetta pidmordialis, Lendenfeld, Zool. Garten, xxxviii, p. 11, re- 
described. 
HETEROCCELA [cf. Titles 6, 18, 41]. 
Zeise, Palaeontogr. ii (Suppl.) establishes the following new genera: 
t Strambergia, n. g., p. 330; ; 
f Rauffia, n. g., p. 326 ; 
t Euzittelia, n. g., p. 329. 
Zeise, Pakeontogr. ii (Suppl.) describes the following new species: 
f Peronidella tithonica } p. 315 ; 
f Gorynella moravica , p. 321 ; 
t Myrmecium grande , p. 324 ; 
t Crisispongia conica, p. 325; 
■\Raujfia clavata , p. 326 ; 
iEuzittelia magnifica, p. 329 ; 
+ Tremacystia kindei , p. 331, tithonica, p. 332 ; 
t Thalamopora zitteli , p. 336, hokeneggeri , p. 338; and several other new 
fossil genera and species, to which however he gives no names 
because ho considers the material at his disposal insufficient. 
Petrostroma schidzei , Doderlein, Zool. Jalirb. Syst. x, p. 15, redoscribed. 
Sycandra raphanus, Lendenfeld, Zool. Garten, xxxviii, p. 44, redescribed. 
SI LICE A. 
TRIAXONIA. 
Hexactinellida [cf. Titles 14, 18, 29, 34, 41]. 
Mellonympha , n. g., F. E. Schulze, SB. Ak. Berlin, xxvi, p. 547 (sep. p. 28), 
for liossella velata , Wyv. Thoms. 
Staurocalyptus, n. g., Ijima, Annot. zool. Japon, i, p. 53. 
