1893.] G. A. Grierson — Study of Indian Vernaculars in Europe. 47 
u breue, recto ex ore protruditur. 
u, longum, quasi duplex, sono in altum prolato. 
dim (d) d formatur lingua quasi apoplectica, vt saliua ad palatum 
opem ferat, h admodum auditur : ceterum quasi aliquod n 
prcemittitur, quod in primis sentitur, quoties vocalis praecedit, 
e. g., ba-ndha, legitur plane ban-dim. 
Truly our forefathers must have felt the same difficulties with the 
cerebral letters, that we have now-a-days, and the ‘ apoplectic tongue,’ 
is still found in the mouth of many a griffin. 
Bayer relates how a certin Calmuc Ambassador named Bordon, who 
was then in St. Petersburg, helped him to acquire this pronunciation, 
and concludes with a brief notice, received from India, of the Marathi, 
Gujarati, and Maura languages. By the last named, he apparently 
means Urdu, what the English subsequently called Gentoo, or Moors. 
All this time he was conducting an active correspondence with La Croze, 
in which, not only does the Chinese book finds due mention, but we 
meet one of the earliest efforts of comparative philology, the first four 
numerals in eight languages. 1 2 During the next ten years the two friends 
now and then refer to Indian languages, and to the last La Croze adheres 
to this old error that the Marathi alphabet is derived from Hebrew. 
In 1745, was printed the first grammar of Hindustani, which I have 
seen noticed. It was written by the missionary Schultz already mention- 
ed. I have not had the good fortune to see the work itself, and my only 
information concerning it is the title in the Catalogue of M. Garcin de 
Tassy’s Books, 1879, quoted by Col. Yule in his Anglo-Indian Diction- 
ary.s 
In 1748 was published at Leipzig the Orientalisch-und-occidentali- 
scher Sprachmeister, compiled by Johann Friedrich Fritz, and dedicated by 
him to Schultz. This very curious work contains accounts of over a hun- 
dred alphabets from all parts of the world, followed by some two hun- 
dred translations of the Lord’s Prayer. A good deal of the description 
of the alphabets of India was contributed by Schultz, whose account of 
Hindustani is especially interesting and full. This is a general descrip- 
tion of the composition of the Urdu language. Attention is drawn to 
the large number of Arabic and Persian words in its vocabulary, but the 
student is warned against supposing that it is in any way derived from 
those speeches. The ordinary Persian alphabet is given, but there is 
1 Thesaurus I, 58. The eight languages are, 1 Camacinienses, Arincenses, Cam- 
teschatquenses f. Yedsenses et Coraeenses, Tangutenses et Tibotenses ( l = DscyTc , 
2 = Ny, 3 = Ssuum), Persae, Mogulenses Indi (l = Hicku, 2 = Guu, 3 = Tray, 4 = Tzahr), 
Oeselentes, Letti.’ Who are meant by the ‘ Indian Mughals ? ’ 
8 S. V. Hindustanee. 
