1893.] 
Gr. A. Grierson — A specimen of PadumSwati. 
131 
The termination nh, is capable of being read as equivalent to 
either the plural oblique termination or to the singular oblique 
termination or f? Unless the context showed that is required, 
I have transliterated it f?. Even in the best Persian MSS. the nasal 
is inserted so capriciously, that it is at least doubtful whether it should 
be used in the singular, and I have accordingly followed the best 
Devanagarl MSS., in omitting it, in this case, throughout. 
The metre of the poem consists of stanzas of seven caupdls fol- 
lowed by a dolid. In the latter, a matrd is frequently omitted in the 
first half. In the caupdls, accent is frequently used instead of quantity, 
a short accented syllable being treated as a long one, especially at the 
end of a line. Malik Muhammad wrote long before Kefav Das laid 
down the canons of Hindi metre. Such accented short syllables I have 
marked, in transliteration with an acute accent, thus , — niramdre (II, 3). 
I regret that the scheme of transliteration into the Roman character 
is not that usually adopted in this Journal. For various reasons, which 
it is not necessary to give here, I have been compelled to adhere more 
closely to that used in the Bihar! Dictionary by Dr. Hoernle and myself. 
Scheme or transliteration adopted in this paper : — 
^ a , a, X. i, t b ^ m, ^ u, Jt e, qe, '5ft' o, o. * “ , thus ^ ob 
S, f T, X i, and so on. — m. 
The following vowels occur only in a few Sanskrit words, ri, 
it ai, ' 3 ft au. In Tadbhava words it and ^ do not occur. is trans- 
literated ai and ^ au. In Nagar! MSS. when it and 'Sft occur they are 
plainly stenographic signs for ^ and V3. This is frequently shown by 
the metre. There is no danger of confusing ^3, and it, for 
they appear in distinct classes of words, are always in Tadbhava 
words, or in corrupted Tatsama words, it and occur only in words 
lifted bodily from Sanskrit: — 
sfi 7c, hh, JT g, hi gh, ^ j?. 
'qc, ? ch, j, ffi jh, 'sj n. 
^ t, U th, ^ (l, cT dll , iq ii. 
rf t, th, X. d, q dh, «f n. 
if p, m ph, ^ b, W bh, H m. 
■q y, x. r, Z, «r w, (or in Sanskrit words v). 
q s, q s, q h. 
31 only occurs in Persian words, representing the Persian Jl>, or in 
pure Sanskrit words. In the former case it is transliterated sh, and in 
the latter by 5 . 
Arabic and Persian letters. 
A s, ^ h, j- kh, i z, ) z, j zh, u° ?> U® ?, ■*= t, % £ S £ £7 *-» f, d ?• 
