1893.] G. A. Grierson — A specimen of the Padumaivati. 143 
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12. 1. Ia cahu dinha, led cahfi, led duhii. 2. Ia taba ane, Ic wei ane, Is sidilea 
daiya unha mane, K uni ane, U dina oi jane. 3. Ibo U puni jo, Id puni telii, Ia jaba 
ae, lb ohi tie, Is jau ae, K jinha jaga adala dina leaha lae. 4. Ib balm guni, Id bada 
pandita guni, U puni us i mahd bada pandita. Ia UK likha leurana. The correction 
as evidently a scribe’s improvement. 5. Ia baridrd, K bala te kdpai. las sauhi na 
hod rahd jujhdrd (Is° ru). 1. Kparamdna. 8. K. Kurdna for purdna, . ... sot lilchd 
lcari grantha. 9. Is te saha, K te suthi. 
12. Muhammad had four friends, who (followed him) in liis place, 
and the four had spotless names in hotli worlds. Abu Bake (JiddIq, 
the wise, who first truthfully (gidq) brought the faith (into the world). 1 2 3 
Then ‘Umar, who adorned the title (of Caliph). Justice came to the 
world when he adopted the faith. Then ‘Usman, the learned and wise 
one, who wrote the Quran, as ho heard its verses. Fourth came ‘Aid, the 
mighty lion. When he attacked, both heaven and hell quaked. All 
four had one mind, and one word, one path and one fellowship. Each 
preached the same true word, which became authoritative, and read in 
both worlds. 
The very Quran 8 which God 8 sent down (to this world), that holy 
book they read, and they who (have lost their way) in coming (into the 
world), when they hear it, find the path. 4 * * * 
1 Lit., brought. 
2 Here again we have purdna used for the Musalman sacred book. 
3 Here vidhi, a Hindu technical term. 
4 Abu Bakr ibn Abi Quliiifa was Muhammad’s dearest friend and father-in-law, 
and one of his first converts. He enjoyed immense influence with his fellow 
citizens of Mecca, and earned by his probity the appellation of 1 al ()iddiq,’ ‘ The 
True.’ He accompanied Muhammad in the Plight, and on his death (632 A. D.) he 
became the first Caliph. He died 634 A. D. 
‘Umar ibn Al Khattab was converted in the 6th year of the call (615 A. D.). 
His conversion carried with it so much weight that the Musalman traditions relate 
it with miraculous attendant details. Abu Bakr by his eloquence and address, and 
‘Umar by his vigour and promptitude, supplied the want of the practical element 
in Muhammad’s character. ‘Umar set the example of public (instead of private) 
prayer, which was followed by other Muslims. He was the leading spirit of the 
Emigrants ( muhdjira ) who had left Mecca at the time of the Plight, and settled 
in Medina. He procured the nomination of Abu Bakr to be first Caliph, and, as 
a matter of course, succeeded him as second Caliph in 634. He was murdered at 
Medina in 644. 
