259 
1893.] W. Irvine — Reigns of the later Moghul Hmperors. 
Ramzan of which the reign was dated. But neither he nor Muhammad 
Kazim, from whom he copies, give any countenance to a reckoning 
commencing with 1069 II. On p. 30 and p. 34 we find that according 
to Muhammad Saki, the third year (not the second) began in Ramzan 
1070 H., the fourth year (not the third) in Ramzan 1071 H., and so on, 
throughout the hook, to the end of the reign. For his period, the 
first ten years, Muhammad Kazim follows exactly the same rule. 
Finally, Muhammad Saki [Ma,asir-i-’Alamgm, pp. 520 and 523] records 
that ’Alamgir died early on Friday, the 28th Zu,l-ka’dh 1118 H. (2nd 
March 1707), in the 51st year of his reign, having reigned 50 lunar years, 
2 months, and 27 days. This accords exactly with the mode of reckoning 
laid down by Muhammad Kiizim. For, if we calculate from the 1st Ram- 
zan 1068 H. to the 28th %u,l-ka’dh 1118 II.), we get as result (1118y. 
10m. 28d.) — (1068y. 8m. ld.) = (50y. 2m. 27d.). Kamwar Klian. in his 
Tarikh-i-Saldtin-i-Ghaghtaiyah, gives the same number of years, months, 
and days ; but I attribute to him no independent authority for this reign, 
having found wherever I have compared the two authors, that Kamwar 
Khan gives Muhammad Said’s facts, in identical order, but in different 
words. 
I add two more extracts from Muhammad Saki, as the second of 
them records a slight change in the observance of the anniversary, and 
this may have been the reason that Grant Duff thought the date of ac- 
cession had been twice altered — [Ma,dsir ’Alamgin, p. 30], Year 1070 H. 
The third year of the reign commences. The anniversary ceremonies 
begin on the 24th Ramzan (4th June 1660). [Idem, p. 34]. Year 1071 
H. The fourth year commences. “Although the date of enthrone- 
“ ment ( sarir-ardi ) was the 24th Ramzan, and in the previous year 
“ the festival began on that day, yet owing to its falling in the time of 
“ the Fast, when there is no inclination to enter into rejoicings, the be- 
“ ginning of this year’s festival was fixed for the day of the ’fd ” ( i . e., 
1st Shawwal). It lasted ten days. 
Khafi Khan’s passage, parallel to those in Muhammad Kazim’s ’Alam- 
gir-ndmah, and Muhammad Said’s Ma, astir i ’Alamgirt, will be found in 
the Bibliotheca Indica Text, Yol. II pp. 76-79. As it is translated, 
nearly in full, by Dowson in Elliot’s History of India, VII, 241, 1 need not 
reproduce it here. I only note that Dowson’s “ 4th Ramzan ” is the 24th 
Ramzan in the printed text. Although Khafi Khan here expands rather 
than contracts what Muhammad Kazim wrote, it is strange that lie omits 
the all-important statement that the reign was made to beg-in on the 1st 
Ramzan. I have looked through the text on pp. 76-80, and I cannot 
find any mention of this fact. Khafi Khan. II, 549, gives the length 
of the reign as 50 years, 2| months ; and even these figures, though not 
