280 
E. A. Gait — The Koch Kings of Kamarupa. [No. 4, 
Turbuk’s invasion. 
i ‘Ibriyah, from winch it appears that the Raja who drove out the 
Musalmans was the Ahom king.* 
A few years later ( J506 A. D. ) a Pathan named Turbuk is said to 
have advanced as far as Koliabar, where he 
defeated the A'homs and was not finally expelled 
from the Province until 1532 A. D., when he was defeated and slain, 
and his army chased as far as the Karatoya river. This invasion is 
recorded in the Ahom histories, but is not mentioned by Musaiman 
writers. The Marias are said to be the descendants of prisoners taken 
in this war.f 
Although Husain Shah’s invasion constituted the first serious 
Earlier Musaiman attempt of the Muhammadan rulers of Bengal 
invasions. to permanently occupy Kamarupa, accounts are 
not wanting of earlier invasions which, however, seem to have partaken 
more of the nature of filibustering expeditions than of real attempts at 
conquest.^ 
Ghiyasu’d-dln Bahadur Shah is reported to have invaded Assam 
about 1220 A. D. and to have ascended the Brahmaputra as far as 
Sadiya, but in the end he was defeated and driven back to Gauda § 
Ikhtiyaru’d-din Yuzbalc Tughril Khan invaded the country in 1256- 
57 A. D. For a time he was successful and he celebrated his con- 
quest by erecting a mosque, but, when the rains set in, and the country 
was flooded, large numbers of his men died. The king of Kamarupa 
then returned from his hiding place in the hills and gave battle. 
Tughril was killed and his army defeated, and only a few escaped to 
Bengal to tell the tale.|| Muhammad Shah, son of Tughluq Shah, 
* Blochmann, J. A. S. B. 1872 pp. 79 and 336. The general account of the 
Khyen dynasty given above is taken from Gunabhiram’s A'sdm buranji. 
t In theFathiyah i ‘Ibriyah it is said that they are the descendants of prince 
Danyal’s army. As Turbuk’s name is not mentioned in Musaiman histories, it is 
possible that the name is an Ahom designation of Danyal or some other comman- 
der of the forces left by Husain Shah in Assam. 
t I do not mention Bakhtiyar Khilji’s invasion, because it has been shown that 
he did not, as was once supposed, enter Assam and cross the Brahmaputra at Gau- 
hati, but that he marched northwards along the Karatoyii river which formed 
the boundary of the kingdom of Kamarfipa. 
§ Gumibhiram’s A'sdm buranji p. 81. 
|1 Gun&bhirama’s A'sdm buranji p. 82 and Tabaqat i Nasiri 263. The practise 
of flooding the country here referred to was common in early warfare in this part 
of India. Husain Shah’s second invasion of Tippera was frustrated by a similar 
operation (Long’s Analysis of the Rajmala, J. A. S. B. 1850 p. 513 ). Cunningham 
(Arch: Surv : of India VolXV p. 170) mentions a tradition that Mughisu’d-din was 
killed near Sonargaon, but it is not quite certain that the same person is referred 
to, and in any case tho version given in the text seems to be moro authentic. 
