Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 
21 
Order LX. VALERIANEzE. 
Herbaceous (as regards the Indo-Malayan species). Leaves oppo- 
site, exstipulate, their bases often connected by an interpetiolar line or 
ridge ; entire, pinnatifid or pinnate. Floivers sessile, in cymes, usually 
hermaphrodite but sometimes polygamous or dioecious, bracteate. 
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the limb in the flower small, in the 
fruit often enlarged or pappose. Corolla superior, gamopetalous, its 
tube cylindric or gibbous or spurred at the base ; the limb with 3 to 5 
imbricate lobes, often irregular. Stamens 1 to 4, on the tube, usually 
exserted. Ovary inferior with a single perfect, 1-ovuled cell, and 2 
barren empty cells ; style filiform ; stigma 2- or 3-lobed or entire ; ovule 
in the fertile cell pendulous from the apex of the loculus. Fruit inde- 
hiscent, dry, 1-seeded, the 2 barren cells enlarged or represented by 
narrow ridges. Seed pendulous, with very little or no albumen ; 
embryo straight, radicle superior. — Distrib. About 350 species, in 
temperate climates ; generally diffused, but absent from Australia and 
South Africa. 
Valeriana, Linn. 
Perennial herbs. Leaves entire, pinnatifid or pinnate, the radical 
often undivided and with long petioles. Flowers in cymes, corymbosejy 
paniculate ; bracts small, oblong or linear, free or nearly so, persistent. 
Calyx-limb in flower obsolete, in fruit developing into a ring of from 
5 to 15 feathery bristles, united at their bases into a short funnel-shaped 
tube. Corolla-tohe funnel-shaped, its base often sub-gibbous ; limb 
with 5 spreading lobes, both tube and limb pink or white. Stamens 3. 
Ovary 3-eelled, only 1 cell containing 1 ovule ; stigma sub-entire or 
shortly 3-fid. Fruit oblong, plano-convex, with 6 ribs, 1-celled; the 
2 barren cells obsolete, crowned by the persistent pappose calyx. 
— Distrib. About 180 species in moist temperate regions. 
Valeriana Hardwickii, Wall, in Roxb. El. Ind., ed. Carey & 
Wall. I. 166. Boot fibrous. Stem erect, 1 to 3 feet high, pubescent 
below, mostly glabrous upwards but pilose or barbate at the nodes. 
Radical leaves ovate, acute, on long petioles ; stem leaves unequally 
pinnatifid, the segments 3 to 5, the upper the longest, all lanceolate or 
ovate-lanceolate and irregularly toothed. Panicles lax, often as much 
as a foot long, the branches dichotomous, with small subulate bracteoles 
at the forks ; fruit hairy. Wall. Cat. 432, PI. As. Ear. 39, t. 263 ; 
Don Prod. El. Nep. 159; DC. Prod. IV. 640; Clarke in Hook. fil. FI. 
Br. Ind. III. 213. V. Hardioickiana, Roem. & Schult., Syst. I., Mant. 
259. V. tenera, Wall. Cat'. 435 ; DC. Mem. Valer. 16 ; Prod. IV. 640. 
