24 
Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 
(calyculus) at their bases ; heads homogamous ; anther- 
eells sub-entire at the base ; receptacle naked ( Sene - 
cionidcv) 
Leaves alternate ; pappus of fine hairs, style-arms of 
hermaphrodite flowers truncate or obtuse, penieillate 
or with a hairy tip : — 
Heads ebracteate ; florets purple . . . . 12. 
Heads braeteolate ; florets yellow . . . . 13. 
Receptacles paleaceous ; anthers sub-entire at the base ; 
bracts of involucre 1- to many-seriate ; heads usually 
radiate, heterogamous ; style-arms truncate or appendicu- 
late, or those of the sterile florets entire ; pappus of 2 to 
4 arms or paleaceous or absent ; leaves at the base of the 
stem usually opposite, those higher up opposite or alter- 
nate ( Heliantlwidece ) : — 
Pappus of only 4 bristly awns, or cup-like or absent : — 
Cypselas all thick, or those of the ray-florets 3-angled 
and those of the disc laterally compressed ; pappus 
cup-like or composed of 2 to 3 stiff chaffy or bristly 
arms, with or without intermediate smaller scales or 
altogether absent ; leaves usually opposite : — 
Inner bracts of the involucre embracing and en- 
closing the cypselas of the fertile ray-florets ; 
pappus absent, outer bracts of involucre 5, glan- 
dular . . . . . . . . 14. 
Inner bracts of the involucre all flat, scales of 
receptacle flat, very narrow, usually few ; disk- 
florets 4-5-fid, ligules small ; pappus absent, or 
if present shortly 2-awned ; outer bracts of invo- 
lucre numerous . . . . . . 15. 
Seales of the receptacle concave or complicated 
more or less enclosing and embracing the disk 
florets 
Cypselas not winged, compressed or 3-5-angled, 
ray-florets yellow with large ligules ; disk-cyp- 
selas with 1 or 2 short deciduous awns ; leaves 
all opposite . . . . . . . . 16. 
Cypselas of the disk-florets eiliate, winged on 
the margins, laterally compressed ; heads small ; 
leaves always opposite . . . . . . 17. 
Cypselas more or less depressed from the top ; pappus 
of 2 (rarely 3 or 4) bristles or absent : — 
Outer bracts of the involucre almost equal ; herba- 
ceous ; inner bracts separate, almost resembling 
the scales of the receptacle ; ray-florets fertile ; 
leaves opposite : — 
Cypselas flat, their margins lacerate and winged ; 
pappus composed of bristles . . . . 18. 
Outer bracts of the involucre few, small ; inner 
bracts connate below, membranous : — 
Emilia. 
Gynuea. 
SlEGESBECKIA. 
Eclipta. 
Wedelia. 
Spilantiies. 
Synedkella. 
