25 
Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 
Cypselas not beaked ; leaves opposite, simple to 
pinnatiseet . . . . . . . . 19. Bidens. 
Pappus of membranous scales ; heads radiate ; leaves 
opposite 
Scales of pappus feathery, fringed ; heads medium- 
sized . . . . . . . . . . 20. Tridax. 
Anthers inappendiculate at the apex ; receptacle (in our 
species) not paleaceous ; pappus absent or reduced to a 
raised rim, rarely scaly and short ; leaves usually alter- 
nate (Anthemidei e) ■ — 
Plower-heads discoid, heterogamous ; pappus absent : — 
Florets of the circumference very numerous ; cypselas 
flat or concave at the top ; flower-heads globose or 
hemispheric, sub-sessile ; bracts of involucre in 2 series, 
spreading in fruit . . . . . . . . 21. Centipeda. 
Florets of the circumference few ; heads very small, in 
racemes or panicles ; cypselas ellipsoid or obovoid, 
rounded at the apex . . . . . . 22. Artemisia. 
Corollas of all the florets flatly expanded from a tubular base, 
ligulate, their apices 5-toothed ; leaves radical or cauline and 
alternate, never opposite ; stem always herbaceous, fistulose ; 
sap milky (Gichoriece) : — 
Pappus of simple hair-like bristles, at least in the central 
florets ; florets yellow, cypselas fusiform or oblong, with 
glabrous or puberulous ribs . . . . . . 23. Crepis. 
Note. — T he above key is taken mainly from “Bengal Plants,” by Lieut.-Col. D. 
Prain, F.B.S. , Superintendent, Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta. 
1. Vernonia, Schreb. 
Herbs, shrubs, climbers or small trees. Leaves alternate, penni- 
nerved, entire or dentate. Heads axillary or terminal, solitary or in 
cymes or panicles, bomogamous ; flowers often few, but very rarely 
solitary. Involucre ovoid, globose or hemispheric, as long as or shorter 
than the flowers ; bracts in many series, the inner longest. Beceptacle 
naked or pitted, sometimes with short hairs. Corollas all equal, tubular, 
slender; lobes 5, narrow. Anther-bases obtuse, sagittate. Style-arms 
subulate, acute, hairy. Cypselas striate, ribbed or angled, rarely terete, 
truncate at the apex ; pappus of many hairs, usually in two rows, the 
inner hairs thin and slender, the outer sometimes stout and com- 
pressed, persistent or deciduous. — D istrib. About 500 species, mostly 
American. 
A large shrub or small tree ; leaves sub-coriaceous ; involucral bracts 
obtuse . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . V. arborea. 
Herbaceous annuals ; leaves membranous ; involucral bracts acumi- 
nate : — 
Heads few, '35 in. in diam., in long-peduncled cymes. . . . 2. V. ehinensis. 
