28 
Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 
flowers, and collected into ovoid or globose clusters, surrounded by 
several large leafy, bracts. Involucre-proper compressed, its component 
bracts oblong, acute, about 8, dry, stiff, unequal, alternately fiat and 
conduplicate ; receptacle naked. Floivers all equally 4-lobed, and cleft 
on one side, and with the lobes spreading in a somewhat palmate 
manner. Anthers obtusely sagittate at the base. Style-arms subulate. 
Cypselas truncate, 10-ribbed; bristles of pappus few, rigid, shining, 
■slender and dilated below or chaffy. — Distrib. 10 or 12 species, 
chiefly tropical American — one cosmopolitan. 
Elephantopus scaber, Linn. Sp. PL, 814. Stems dichotomous, 
from a few inches to 2 feet high, terete, finely strigose. Leaves 
membranous, the radical ones obovate, oblong to elliptic-oblong, taper- 
ing to the short petiole, the edges dentate or crenate, up to 6 in. in 
length and P25 to 2-5 in. broad ; the cauline few, smaller, sessile, both 
sets scabrid on the upper surface and finely strigose on the lower ; 
main-nerves 6 to 8 pairs in the cauline, more numerous in the radical 
leaves, all slightly prominent on the lower surface. Collective heads 
hemispheric, -5 to -75 in. in diam., solitary, terminal, on long peduncles. 
Bracts of the conjoined heads 3, leaf-like, about -5 in. broad, broadly 
ovate or reniform, apiculate, nervose and pubescent behind ; bracts of 
the involucre-proper shining, glabrous ; pappus of 5 shining tubereulate 
bristles, dilated at the base. Wall. Cat. 2979 ; DC. Prod. V. 86 ; Eoxb. 
El. Ind. III. 445 ; Don Prod. 169 ; Wight Ic. 1086 ; Clarke Comp. 
Ind. 28 ; Hook. fil. El. Br. Ind. III. 242 ; Prain Bengal Plants, 590. 
In all the provinces, in cultivated places. — Distrib. In most tropical 
■countries. 
3. Adenostemma, Eorst. 
Herbs, glandular- pubescent or glabrous. Leaves mostly opposite, 
petiolate. Heads homogamous, in lax corymbose cymes ; involucre 
■campanulate ; its bracts numerous, sub-2-seriate, narrow, herbaceous, 
sometimes connate ; receptacle flat, naked. Corollas all equal, tubular, 
regular, with short tube and campanulate 5-toothed limb. Anthers 
truncate, with glandular apiculus, their bases obtuse. Style-arms 
elongate, dilated near the apex. Cypselas obtuse, 5-ribbed, glandular ; 
pappus of 3 to 5 short rigid, often clavate hairs, joined at their bases 
by a narrow ring. — Distrib. Species 5 or 6 American, 1 cosmopolitan. 
Adenostemma viscosum, Eorst. Char. Gen. 20. An erect, rarely 
decumbent annual, slender or robust, glabrous ; pubescent or viscidly 
pubescent. Leaves membranous, sessile or petiolate, opposite or the 
upper alternate, from linear to broadly ovate, acute sub-acute cuneate 
or cordate at the base, the edges serrate crenate or entire, the upper 
surface usually smooth but sometimes rugose ; length from 2 to 6 in. ; 
