3g Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 
compressed, without pappus. — Distrib. About 8 species, tropics of 
Asia, Africa, and Australia. 
Sph^iranthus africanus, Linn. Sp. PI. 1314. Annual, glabrous or 
pubescent, the stem and branches with long decurrent, entire wings. 
Leaves membranous, oblanceolate, acute or sub-acute, with a small 
bristle-point at the apex, the base narrowed and confluent with the 
wing of the branch, the edges bristle-serrate ; length 1 to 3 in. ; breadth 
•25 to 1‘25 in. Clusters of heads globose, - 3 to - 4 in. in diam., peduncu- 
late, their involucres few, scarious, rounded or jagged, not imbricate ; 
the peduncles - 25 to '4 in. long, glabrous, with a wing widening at the 
base. Female florets about 15, gibbous. Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 
275 ; Prain Bengal Plants, 601. S. africanus and S. microcephalus, 
Willd. Sp. PI. III. 2395. S. microcephalus, DC. Prod. V. 360 ; Clarke 
Comp. Ind. 97. S. indicus, Willd. l.c. 2394 ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 62, 
FI. Ind. III. 446. S. africanus, Wall. Cat. 3179 (in part). 
Malacca: Griffith. Kedah: King’s Collector 1701. Singapore: 
Ridley 5069. Penang : Curtis 1942 ; Descliamps. Province Welles- 
ley : Ridley 7125. Perak : Scortechini 1640. — Distrib. British 
India, Malay Archipelago, China, Philippines, Australia, Africa. 
12. Emilia, Cass. 
Annual or perennial herbs, glabrous or hairy, often glaucous, some- 
times sarmentose. Leaves alternate, radical, crowded, petiolate, entire, 
toothed or lyrate-pinnatifid ; cauline few, stem-clasping. Heads on 
long peduncles, solitary or loosely corymbose, ebracteolate at the 
base, homogamous, discoid, yellow or red ; florets all $ , fertile, 
tubular, the limb elongate and 5-toothed. Involucre cylindric ; its 
bracts in a single series, equal, free or cohering, striate ; receptacle flat, 
naked. Style-arms sub-terete, their apices short and obtuse, or long 
and acute. Cypselas sub-terete, or 5-ribbed or -angled ; pappus hairs 
numerous, white, silky. — Distrib. Species 14 or 15; all Indo-Malayan 
and tropical African. 
Emilia sonchifolia, DC. Prod. VI. 302. Annual, usually erect, 
sometimes diffuse and sarmentose, 12 to 30 in. high. Leaves : the 
lower lyrate-pinnatifid or sinuate-dentate, rarely elliptic, glabrous or 
puberulous, sometimes scaberulous, 1-5 to 4 in. long ; petioles variable 
but rarely exceeding an inch in length ; cauline leaves much smaller, 
hastate or linear-hastate, dentate, sessile and aurieulate, more or less 
stem-clasping. Heads -4 in. long and the same in diam. when expanded, 
on long ebracteate or scantily bracteate peduncles, collected in lax 
terminal long pedunculate spreading corymbs. Involucre nearly as 
long as the purple florets, eealyculate ; its bracts linear-oblong, sub- 
