43 
Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 
biflora and W. scabriuscula, DC. Prod. V. 546, 547. W. biflora, 
Wight Ic. 1108. Verbesina biflora, Linn. Sp. PI. Ed. II. 1272. Wall. 
Cat. 3207 (in part). V. dichotoma, Wall. Cat. 3024 (in part). 
Eclipta scabriuscula, Wall. Cat. 3212 (partly). Acmella biflora, Spreng. 
Syst. III. 591. 
On the sea coast, common. 
17. Spilanthes, Linn. 
Annual herbs. Leaves opposite. Heads axillary or terminal,, 
usually on long peduncles, heterogamous and rayed, or homogamous 
and disciform. Bay-florets J , in a single series, fertile, ligulate, white 
or yellow. Dish-florets $ , fertile, tubular, with 4- or 5-fid limb. 
Involucre ovoid or campanulate, the bracts sub-2-seriate ; receptacle 
convex, elongate, the pales enclosing the flowers often connate with 
the ovary into a stalk. Anthers with truncate entire or bifid bases. 
Style-arms of ? florets truncate. Cypselas of ray-florets triquetrous 
or dorsally compressed, the margins and angles usually ciliate; pappus 
none or of 2 or 3 bristles. — Distrib. About 40 species, chiefly tropical 
American. 
Spilanthes Acmella, Murr. Syst. ed. XIII. 610. Erect or ascend- 
ing, glabrous, branched, 1 to 2 feet long; the branches as thick as 
a crow-quill, striate, glabrous, pale brown when dry. Leaves mem- 
branous, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, with sub-acute apex and cuneate 
base, the edges crenate serrate or entire ; main-nerves a single pair, 
ascending; length -75 to 1-5 in.; petioles -1 to -3 in. long. Heads ovoid- 
conical, -35 to - 5 in. long, on slender peduncles 1 to 2-5 in long, solitary 
or in very lax panicles. Involucral bracts short, oblong, blunt or sub- 
acute, 3-nerved. Bay-florets minute. Cypselas sometimes marginate, 
seabrid or smooth ; pappus of one or two bristles or absent. DC. Prod. 
V. 623 ; Prain Bengal Plants, 614 ; Wall. Cat. 3285 ; Clarke Comp. 
Ind. 138 ; Hook. fil. PI. Br. Ind. III. 307. S. calva, DC. l.c. V. 625 ; 
Wight Ic. 1109. S. pseudo- Acmella, Linn. ; DC. l.c. 625, and in 
Wight Contrib. 19; Wall. Cat. 3185. S. oleracea, Jacq. Hort. Vind. II. 
t. 135 ; Eoxb. PI. Ind. III. 410 ; DC. l.c. 624. Bidens fervida and 
B. fixa, Lamk. Diet. I. 415, 416. Cotula conica. Wall. Cat. 3185. 
Verbesina Acmella, Linn. Sp. PI. 901. V. pseudo- Acmella, Linn. l.c. 901. 
Malacca : Griffith (K.D.) 3186 ; Cuming 2361. Perak : Scortechini 
1400. Penang : Deschamps. 
18. Synedrella, Gaertn. 
Annual branched herbs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, dentate. Heads 
small, axillary and terminal, heterogamous, rayed. Involucre ovoid or 
