44 
Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 
oblong, its bracts few ; the outer one or two foliaceous, passing into the 
flat scarious pales of the small receptacle. Bay-florets few, 2 , ligulate, 
with short broad 2-3-toothed lamina. Disk-florets § , tubular, regular, 
the limb 4-toothed. Anthers syngenesious, their bases sub-entire. 
Style-arms of 3 florets long, acute. Cypselas of ray-florets much 
compressed dorsally, smooth, their edges winged and with long teeth ; 
those of the 3 few, narrower, compressed or trigonous often muri- 
cate; pappus in both consisting of 2 (rarely more) bristles. — Distrib. 
Species 2, tropical American, 1 also Asiatic and African. 
Synedrella nodiflora, Gaertn. Fruct. II. 456, t. 1-71, f. 7. An 
erect dichotomous annual with terete wiry glabrous branches thicker 
than a crow-quill ; all parts more or less scaberulous. Leaves mem- 
branous, opposite, petiolate, ovate, acute, the base cuneate, the edges 
serrate or crenate (sometimes obscurely so) ; main-nerves 3 or 4 pairs, 
the lower pair long and bold, the others short and faint; both surfaces 
minutely and sparsely strigose, and greenish when dry ; length -75 to 
3 in. ; breadth -3 to 1-25 in. ; petioles -1 to -4 in. often ciliate on the edges. 
Heads -25 in. in diam., axillary, solitary or in small clusters, usually 
sessile but sometimes on short peduncles ; inner bracts of the involucre 
linear-lanceolate, shining. Cypselas of the inner flowers muricate, 
with 2 unequal hispid pappus hairs longer than themselves and than 
the corolla ; outer cypselas shorter, broader, smooth, black ; their 
edges winged, deeply toothed, pale. Hook. Exot. Flora, t. 60 ; Clarke 
Comp. Ind. 139; Hook. fil. FI. Br. Ind. III. 308; Prain Bengal 
Plants, 615. Verbesina nodiflora, Linn. Amoen. Acad. IV. 290. 
Near cultivation, common. 
19. Bidens, Linn. 
Herbaceous, annual or perennial, sometimes scandent. Leaves 
opposite, entire, irregularly lobed or 1-2-pinnatisect. Heads small and 
corymbose or larger and sub- solitary, heterogamous and rayed. Bay- 
florcts in one series, neuter or rarely 2 , fertile, the corolla ligulate, 
yellow or white, spreading, entire or somewhat toothed. Disk-florets 
3, fertile, tube, cylindric, limb shortly 5-fid; occasionally homogamous 
from the abortion of the ray-florets. Involucre campanulate or sub- 
hemispheric, its bracts in two series, often slightly connate below ; 
the outer short herbaceous or long and leafy, the inner membranous ; 
receptacle flat or convex ; its pales narrow, little concave. Anthers 
entire or bluntly sagittate at the base. Style of 3 florets with arms 
hirsute upwards and short acute or long apices. Cypselas dorsally 
compressed or somewhat tetragonous, linear or cuneiform, often 
narrowed but not beaked above ; pappus of 2 to 4 persistent, 
