42 
THE MEDITERRANEAN NATURALIST 
tends to prove that the Gozo and Malta faults 
were either contemporaneous and therefore de- 
pendent upon the same causes, or that the one 
system was but an after consequence of the other, 
owing to the line of weakness in the islands struc- 
ture that the first series of fractures had caused. 
The Grand Fault of Gozo consists of two great 
branches, the one extending from Dueira to Chan- 
bray, and lying in a direction that is parallel to 
the Malak fault, and the other extending from 
Ras ii Kala to Chambray, and lying in a direction 
that is parallel to that of the Grand Fault of 
Malta. 
The result of the latter displacement has been 
to depress the area to the south of its line and to 
bring all of the superior deposits on a level with 
the middle beds of the Globigerina Limestone. 
This fault is the complement of the Malta Grand 
Fault. They were probably formed contempo- 
raneously and so caused the depression of the 
whole of the area lying between them. 
At Ras-il-Kala where this fault abuts on the 
coast, another downthrow has taken place the line 
of dispiacment of which trends in a direction that 
is more south west than is that of the Grand 
Fault; it extends as far as Chambray, while 
another fracture runs parallel to it from Madonna 
della Kala to the same point. 
The area at the north-eastern extremity of Gozo 
is much broken up by a series of complex fractures, 
that have given rise to triangular down-throws 
and up-throws. 
The southern portion of the main fracture is 
more simple in its nature. 
It has resulted in the depression of the whole of 
the area that lies to the south of it, and which 
extends from Miggiar Scini to Gala tal Sclendi, 
It diverges at Monsciar and passes on to Dueira, 
where, in conjunction with another fault on the 
northern side of Dueira bay it has caused the 
depression now known as the Dueira Valley. 
Just below Gebei ta Ben Georgio the throw of the 
fault is about 150 feet, but towards St. Paolo the 
throw does not average more that 80 feet. 
Beside these, there are numerous other minor 
displacements along the southern coast of the 
island, but none of them are of any considerable 
magnitude. Between Ras-el-Tre’oona and Ras-el- 
Newhela three or four of these fractures occur, all 
* /■« 
of which are at right angles to the main line of 
disturbance, and parallel to the Malta Grand fault. 
The throws, however, are insignificant, as in no 
instance do they exceed 10 ft; and are often very 
much less. 
On the northern side of the Dueira bay a circu- 
lar fracture has occurred, which has been the cause 
of the sinking in of the superior deposits to a depth 
of at least 300 feet. Within the depression die Glo- 
bigerina Limestone, the Marl and small portions of 
the Upper Coralline Limestone are found in situ , 
the surface of the topmost layer of which is situa- 
ted at a depth of 50 feet below the surface of the 
clilfs of Lower Limestone that lie around it. 
Denudation is rapidly progressing as the sea has 
eaten its way through the Lower Limestone, and 
is now degrading the remnant of these upper beds, 
so that in the course of a comparatively short 
space of time, nought but the escarpment of the 
Lower Limestone will be left to bear evidence to 
the downthrow that had taken place there. 
(To be continued.) 
Discovery of fossil remains at Arpino. 
Prof. G. B. Cacciamali lately made an interest- 
ing discovery of fossil mammalian remains during 
! the construction of the branch railway to Arce- 
Lora, in the Arpino district. The excavations 
were carried through a formation the upper part 
of which was composed of alternate layers of tufi 
and conglomerate, while the lowest consists of a 
bluish mud of pliocene origin. 
Large quantities of teeth and bones were found 
embedded in the conglomerate, a number of which 
were extracted and submitted to Professor Meh of 
Rome for identification. Among them were found 
a lower and an upper jaw with molars in situ of a 
deer (Cervus elephas fossilis). Detacted molars of 
deer, and the jaws and molars of a pig. (Sus 
scropha fossilis). 
In the recent beds the remains that were disco- 
vered were even tnore curious and interesting, 
consisting of the inferior molars of Bos primi- 
gen-ius , and the canine teeth of Hippotamus major . 
