148 
THE MEDITERRANEAN NATURALIST 
3.7.91 Cattaro 
24.8.91 Rosas Bay 
Note : — 
Vanessa egea 
Polyommatus astrarche 
Idaea rufaria 
Hipparchia fagi 
Lasiommata egeria var. 
Polyommatus battus 
„ icarus 
Thimelicus actaeon 
Zygaena coronillae 
Liparis dispar 
Hipparchia proserpina 
Lasiommata egeria 
Deiopeia pulcliella 
In cases where no specific name is given time 
did not admit of completing the identification 
but on a future occasion I may be able to giv 
further particulars. 
it thickens, congeals, and takes the form of a hard 
stone called in common Sicilian sciara: but the 
inflamed matter still remains liquid under this 
crust, and being impelled by that issuing from the 
mouth, it pushes forward by its weight that before, 
and thus the torrent proceeds as long as the crater 
continues to throw out fresh matter. It often 
happens that the extremity of the stream hardens 
to such a degree, that the liquified lava within 
meets the same resistance as from a solid rock, in 
which case, it sometimes rises and flows over the 
indurated sciara as a new bed, in this manner it 
has been known to climb hills of a considerable 
height, at other times unable to force itself forward, 
it strikes off at an angle taking a newdirection, lienee 
P. G. the extraordinary appearance presented when the 
i lava is observed to arrest its course on the very 
| edge of a precipice, and, instead of pouring down 
! its sides, to run along its verge in the guise of a 
JStna, and its Lava Streams ' wall. 
J. E. S. 
Eicupero observes that the lavas of Hftna do not 
always run with the same rapidity, but arc regula- 
ted in their course by the nature of ■ declivity 
over which they flow, and by the more or less 
subtile or tenacious quality of the lava itself. It 
is not therefore surprising that some streams | 
should run many miles in a few days, such as the t. 1 
in 1408, which in twelve days advanced nearly ten 
miles; whereas others in whole years made but 
little progress, for example that of 1614. which 
took the direction of Randazzo, but in the te. 
years, for which it continued running, extended to 
no greater length than two miles. Sometimes the 
same torrent differs incredibly in its velocity, tlaus ' 
Tedeschi says that in the eruption of 1669, the j 
lava at intervals, ran a mile in the space of four 
hours, at others in four days it only advanced a few 
paces. In the year 1755 when two streams burst 
at once from the same crater, and having ran 
twenty four hours in succession, that which took a 
southern direction, had made a progress of Only 
two hundred paces; whilst the other in the same 
period had reached a distance of eight miles. 
Massa in his “ Sicilia in prospetiva” observes that 
the lava on being ejected is hardened immediately 
by the air, its surface soon looses its redness, and 
becomes of a black or rusty iron colour; by degrees 
New Clausilise from Malta. 
Clausilia melitensis C. G. nov. sp. 
Whilst studying the distribution of Clausilia 
imitatrix Bttg. I noted that at Fakkania on the 
abrupt cliffs called jRdum el Madliena off Yerdala 
the Clausilia of the place was rather different from 
the usual Cl. imiia.tr i. , but being in the summer 
season I could only collect a few imperfect speci- 
mens from which I could not decide if they 
were simply aberrations of the type or not. 
However wishing to ascertain if all the Clausilice 
there assumed this local form I went again to the 
same place last October and I collected some good 
specimens, in which after examination I saw a 
very marked difference from the typical form. I 
sent them with others to Prof. Dr. 0. Boettger, the 
! celebrated specialist for Clausilice , to whom I am 
! very much indebted for his kind assistance in my 
malacological studies, and he acknowledged them 
; as a very interesting form and wrote to me saying 
that it was more than a variety and that it might 
rank’as a sub-species. Having sent to him some 
1 new specimens later on, in answering me he refers 
