576 THE CHOLERA GROUP 
muscles very frequently produces death. The organism is of interest 
chiefly because it is one of the classical organisms for study. It is 
rarely confused with the cholera vibrio and has no significance patho- 
genically. 
Vibrio Metchnikovi.— A spirillum found in the feces of fowls suffer- 
ing from acute enteritis by Gamaleia.^ 
Morphology.— Practically identical with cholera. Staining, cultural 
reactions, products of growth, the same as cholera. It is non-patho- 
genic for man. If it is ingested by man it is harmless. It does not 
agglutinate with the cholera immune serum, and is not dissolved by 
the cholera immune serum. According to Pfeift'er and Nocht,- the 
intrapectoral injection of the organism into pigeons kills them with 
symptoms of acute septicemia. There is extensive edema at the site 
of inoculation. If it is fed to young fowls it frequently kills them 
with symptoms of enteritis. 
Fig. 78.— Vibrio metchnikovi, bouillon culture. X 1000. 
Vibrio Massaua.— Pasquale isolated this organism at Massaua 
from a case of clinically doubtful cholera.^ Pathogenically it is quite 
similar to Spirillum metchnikovi, and produces septicemia in birds 
when inoculated intrapectorally. It does not react with cholera immune 
serum either by agglutinating or by lysis. 
Vibrio Tyrogenum (Spirillum Deneke).— Deneke^ isolated this 
organism from an old cheese, and it has since been found in butter. 
Culturally it is very similar to the spirillum of Finkler and Prior, 
except that the cholera-red reaction is usually negative. Intraperi- 
toneal injection into guinea-pigs and intrapectoral injection into 
pigeons cause death. According to Metchnikoff, a moderate diarrhea 
may be induced in man by feeding cultures of this organism. 
1 Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 1888, 2, 483, 552. 
2 Ztschr. f. Hyg., 1889, 7, 259. 
' Giorn. Med. de r. Eserc. ed. R. Marina, Roma, 1891. 
^ Deutsch. med. Wchnschr., 1885, 11, 33. 
