i8 
bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. 
width of opercle 3.33; dorsal rays (fully developed) 10 or n; anal 12; scales 8 — 69 to 75 — 7, between 
occiput and dorsal 30 to 35; branchiostegals 8 or 9; gillrakers 15 or 16+27 to 31 on first gill-arch. 
Body not elongated, but somewhat compressed and usually deep; dorsal and ventral outlines 
similar and usually symmetrical, greatest depth at insertion of dorsal; width about 2.12 in depth; 
caudal peduncle compressed, deep, frequently deeper than long. Head small, pointed, with narrow 
snout; jaws subequal, the premaxillaries variably oblique; maxillary moderate in length, extending 
to or slightly beyond perpendicular from front margin of pupil, its width about 3 in length; supple- 
Fig. 8. — Leucichthys ariedi (Le Sueur). Lake herring. ^Drawn from a specimen 12 inches long 
collected in Lake Erie off Cleveland.) 
mentary bone large, well developed; very minute teeth on tongue, absent elsewhere; distance from 
snout to occiput less than half distance from occiput to dorsal. Scales moderately large, firm, slightly 
broader anteriorly; lateral line straight, prominent, nearer back than belly. 
Dorsal fin inserted midway between snout and base of caudal, its base about 2 in head, its height 
about twice maxillary length, but variable, margin truncate or slightly concave; adipose large, its 
length from insertion to tip contained 3 to 4 in head; pectoral usually long, reaching at least half 
Fig. 9. — Leucichthys ariedi (Le Sueur) Lake herring. Female. (Drawn from a specimen 12 
inches long from the Toronto market.) 
distance to ventrals (contrasting with L. ontariensis) , but very variable; ventral equal or slightly less in 
length than height of dorsal, rather shorter than usual; anal very short, its longest ray usually some- 
what longer than depth of caudal peduncle, its base about equal to that measurement, margin con. 
cave; caudal rather short, not very deeply forked. 
Color in spirits silvery, darker above; somewhat less silvery and colorless ventrally; dorsal and 
caudal slightly edged with black, but comparatively pale; pectorals, anal, and ventrals colorless, save 
for an occasional stipple of black. 
