BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 
Class ECHINOIDEA. 
Family StrongylocEntrotid^. 
Strong)’ locentrotus droebachiensis (Muller). Green 
sea urchin. [Chart 51.] 
Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 716, 326, etc; Clark, 
1904, p. 563; 1905, p. 7; Sumner, 1910, fig. 19. 
Mouth of Vineyard Sound and off Gay Head; off 
West Chop. — Verrill. Crab Ledge, common; 
off Sankaty Head, abundant. — Clark. Com- 
mon in Vineyard Sound, chiefly near western 
end; appears to be absent from Buzzards Bay, 
except near mouth; dredged on all sorts of 
bottoms except muddy ones, chiefly at depths 
of 10 fathoms or more. — Survey. Likewise 
taken at low water, according to Verrill, on the 
outer, rocky shores. 
Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis (2 very small), 7531 
bis (1 small), 7534 bis (1 small, living), 7536 
(1 small), 7537 bis (1 small), 7545 (1 small), 7547 
(1 small), 7556 (1), 7556 bis (? 1 shell), 7561 
(several), 7564 (2 large), 7582 (several), 7585 
(1 large), 7592 (1 large), 7593 (1 small), 7603 
(2 small), 7604 (several very small), 7605 (2 
small), 7606 (many.small), 7607 (several small), 
7608 (few small), 7609 (1 small), 7663 (1), 7678 
(1 living), 7679 (1 spine), 7680 (1 large living, 
and fragments), 7681 (many), 7695 (few spines), 
7696 (spines and fragments), 7699 (few spines), 
7700 (few spines), 7701 (few spines), 7702 (1 
living), 7703 (few spines), 7704 (1 spine), 7705 
(few spines), 7706 (1 small living), 7718 (1 
small), 7719 (few spines), 7720 (1 large living 
and spines), 7723 (1), 7752 (1 spine). 
Phalarope stations: 25 (2 small), 32 (1 living), 
34 (1 living), 52 (several living), 58 (spines), 
59 (few small), 116 (1 living). 
Food: Diatoms and other small algae; also dead 
fishes. — Verrill. 
Family ArbaciidaS. 
Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck). Common sea 
urchin; purple sea urchin. [Chart 52.] 
Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 717, 326, etc.; Clark, 
1904, p. 563; 1905, p. 8; Bumpus, 189S b; Sum- 
ner, T910, fig. 18. 
In Vineyard Sound generally distributed, except 
at western end; in Buzzards Bay chiefly con- 
fined to inshore stations, particularly along the 
eastern shore; living specimens dredged in 2 
to 17 fathoms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, and 
stones; spines and fragments more generally 
distributed. — Survey. Found, likewise, cling- 
ing to submerged rocks along shore. Formerly 
fairly frequent in Woods Hole Harbor, even 
Arbacia punctulata — Continued. 
within the “basin” of the local pier. In its 
occurrence this species is scarce to abundant, 
being subject to marked fluctuations from 
year to year. Abundant in 1903, as dredging 
records show; living specimens very scarce 
during the following summer, though spines 
and fragments were frequently taken. (It is 
of importance to note in this connection that 
the winter of 1903-4 was an exceptionally 
severe one; see p. 114-116.) Dr. J. F. McClen- 
don, who collected large numbers of Arbacia for 
biochemical studies during the summer of 
1908, reports that the greatest numbers were 
taken southwest of the spar buoy lying nearest 
to the lighthouse at Tarpaulin Cove, in water 
of 12 to 15 fathoms depth. They were col- 
lected most successfully by means of tangles, 
a bucketful being sometimes taken at once. 
Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (fragments and 
spines), 7522 (many living), 7523 (several 
living), 7523 bis (1 spine), 7524 (very abun- 
dant, living), 7526 (2), 7529 (few), 7530 
(abundant), 7531 (1 dead), 7531 bis (few frag- 
ments), 7532 (many), 7532 bis (few spines), 
7533 (few, niany spines), 7533 bis (1 small, 
living), 7534 (numerous), 7534 bis (few spines), 
7535 (few shells, many spines), 7535 bis (many 
spines), 7536 bis (many spines), 7537 (many, 
rather small), 7538, 7538 bis (spines and frag- 
ments), 7539 (few), 7540 (few), 7541 (few), 7541 
bis (many spines), 7542 bis (several spines), 
7543 (fragment), 7545 (numerous, living), 7545 
bis (fragment of shell and many spines), 7546 
(few living), 7546 bis (spines), 7547 bis (several 
living and fragments), 7549 (many living), 
7549 bis (few fragments and spines), 7550 
(fragments), 7550 bis (few spines), 7551 (few 
living), 7551 bis (1 living, several fragments), 
7552 (few), 7552 bis (few spines), 7553 bis (few 
spines), 7554 (1 small, dead), 7555 (numerous), 
7556 (few), 7556 bis (many fragments and 
spines), 7557 (1 shell), 7558 (many living), 
7559 (few living), 7561 (about two bushels), 
7562 (few living), 7563 (many living), 7563 bis 
(spines and fragments), 7564 (many living), 
7564 bis (many spines), 7566 (many spines), 
7567 (many spines), 7568 (many spines), 7569 
bis (spines), 7571 (1), 7572 (few), 7575 (few 
spines), 7576 (few spines), 7577 (few spines), 
7578 (few spines), 7579 (few spines), 7580 (few 
spines), 7597 (few spines), 7621 (1 small), 7624 
(spines), 7628 (1 small), 7631 (few spines), 
7639 (few), 7659 (spines and fragments), 7664 
