682 
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 
Mytilus cdulis — Continued. 
abundant), 25 (few shells), 26 (very abundant), 
27 (very abundant), 28 (very abundant), 29 
(few), 30 (few), 32 (1 small living), 34 (few 
shells), 35 (many small), 37 (fragments of 
shells), 38 (few small), 39 (few shells), 40 (few 
shells), 41 (few fragments), 42 (few shells), 
43 (shells), 46 (few small), 47 (many very 
small), 48, 49 (few small), 50 (1 small), 51 
(many small living), 52 (few), 55 (1 shell), 56 
(shells), 57 (few shells), 58, 59 (young very 
abundant), 60 (few shells), 63 (1 shell), 65 (1 
shell), 66 (many shells), 68 (few shells), 69 
(several), 71(1 living), 73 (few shells and frag- 
ments), 74 (few shells), 75 (few shells), 81 
(few shells), 82 (1 shell), 83 (fragments and 
young), 85, 92, 99 (few shells), 100 (few shells), 
102, 103, 105 (shells), in (great beds, living 
and shells), 112, 117 (few fragments), 118 
(shells), 121 (shells), 122 (shells and fragments), 
129 (1 shell), 141 (shells and fragments), 165 
(several fragments), 167 (many fragments). 
Prof. Verrill writes: “This species breeds early 
in the spring. I have found immense numbers 
of the young, about as large as the head of a 
pin, . . . on the 12th of April.” On the other 
hand, Prof. I. A. Field, who has made a careful 
study of the reproduction of the mussel at 
Woods Hole, states that “no mature sexual 
products were observed before July 3 [1909],” 
when active spermatozoa were noted, though 
material was examined at monthly intervals 
commencing with February 7. The extrusion 
of eggs and spermatozoa was studied in the 
laboratory troughs on August 21 and 26. Field 
believes that locally “the mussel does not 
breed earlier than June, and continues to 
breed on into September.” 
The mussel is used extensively as food in Europe, 
but only to a small extent on our own coast. 
It is sometimes used as a fertilizer and as 
bait. It is doubtless important as a food for 
tautog and other fishes. For an interesting 
account of the natural history of this species 
see Field, 1911. 
?Modiolus hamatus (Say). 
Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 693, 374: Verrill, 
1882a, p. 577. 
Living animals not recorded from this region, 
though Verrill states that shells have been 
found in the post-Pliocene of Nantucket. 
Modiolus modiolus (Lamarck). Horse mussel, 
bearded mussel. [Chart 128.] 
Gould, 1870, p. 186 ( Modiola modiolus)', Verrill 
and Smith, 1873, p. 693, 309, etc. (Modiola 
modiolus)', Dali, 1889, p. 38 ( Modiola modio- 
lus). 
Common and generally distributed throughout 
Vineyard Sound; in Buzzards Bay it is far less 
frequently taken and seems to be restricted to 
the inshore zone. Large specimens abundant 
at Crab Ledge. This species occurs from low- 
tide mark to the greatest depths of the region, 
attaining great size in deeper waters offshore ; 
sometimes taken on piles. Dredged by the 
Survey in 3 to 25 fathoms, living specimens 
being most common on stony and gravelly 
bottoms. Several small specimens were taken 
from the gill chamber of a living lobster, some 
being even attached to the gills themselves. 
Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (several), 7523 (2), 
7523 bis (few living), 7524 (many living), 7324 
bis (many living), 7525 bis (few shells), 7526 
(few), 7527 (1 shell), 7528 (few living), 7529 
(few shells), 7530 (many), 7530 bis (many 
shells), 7531 (many shells), 7531 bis (few 
shells), 7532 (2 small shells), 7533 (many frag- 
ments), 7533 bis (1 shell), 7534 (few shells) 
7 53 5 bis (several shells), 7536 (numerous shells), 
7538 (several shells), 7538 bis (few shells), 7540 
(few fragments), 7541 bis (1 shell), 7543 (few 
fragments), 7544 (1 shell), 7546 (fragments), 
7547 (few shells), 7549 (1 living), 7550 (few 
shells), 7551 (few shells), 7552 (1 living), 7555 
(few), 7558 (few), 7561 (few large), 7563 (few 
living), 7576 (1 shell), 7583 (1 living), 7586 (1 
shell), 7592 (1 large), 7594 (1 large shell), 7598 
(few large living), 7600 (1 large shell), 7604 
(several shells), 7605 (2 very large), 7606 (many 
very large), 7607 (several very large living; one 
inches long), 7608 (many very large living), 
7609 (many large, living and dead), 7621 
(small living), 7630 (1 fragment), 7670 (few), 
7672 (few shells), 7676 (1 small living on algae), 
7677 (many small living on algae), 7678 (few 
shells), 7679 (1 shell), 7680 (living and shells), 
7681 (several large living), 7699 (1 shell), 7702 
(1 large shell), 7706 (1 large shell), 7708 (sev- 
eral large shells), 7717 (1 large), 7718 (1 large 
shell), 7719 (few shells), 7720 (1 small shell), 
7726 (1 shell), 7732 (1 shell), 7734 (1 shell), 7740 
(1), 7742 (1 small living), 7749 (few living and 
many shells), 7751 (fragment), 7752 (fragments 
