736 
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 
Carcliarhinns limbatus (Muller & Henle). Spot- 
ted-fin shark. 
Goode, 1884, p. 673 ( I sogomphodon viaculipinnis ); 
Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 40; H. M. 
Smith, 1898, p. 88; Kendall, 1908, p. 5. 
Woods Hole in 1875. — Goode. Quisset Harbor 
and at breakwater, at least 20 specimens 
during summer of 1878; all found dead in 
traps. — Smith. 
Family Spiiyrnid^. 
Sphyrna zygasna (Linnaeus). Hammerhead shark. 
Storer, 1867, p. 263 ( Zygazna malleus)- Baird, 
1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 45; 
H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 88; Linton, 1901, p. 427; 
Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 505; Kendall, 1908, 
P- 5 - 
Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, Quisset Harbor; 
common. Nantucket. — Sharp and Fowler. 
Taken in traps from July to October, being 
most numerous in July and August. — Smith. 
Occasionally seen in local waters, swimming at 
the surface with caudal and dorsal fins project- 
ing above surface, being sometimes harpooned 
in such cases. Local specimens, so far as 
known, all immature. — Edwards. In recent 
years specimens have been recorded ranging in 
length from about 2 feet to 6 feet. 
Food: Fish and squid. — Linton. 
Parasites (Linton) : Nematodes — Ichthyonema sp. , 
Spiroptera pectinifer, immature nematodes. 
Cestodes — Anthobothrium laciniatum, Otoboth- 
rium crenacolle, Phoreiobothrium lasium, Platy- 
bothriuni parvum, Taenia sp., Tetrarhynchus sp. 
Family Alopiid/E. 
A lopias vulpes (Gmelin). Thresher shark. 
Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 45; 
H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Linton, 1901, p. 428; 
Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 505; Kendall, 1908, 
P- 5 - 
Menemsha Bight (common), Gay Head, Buz- 
zards Bay; taken from April till late in the 
fall; traps and hand lines. — Smith. Nan- 
tucket. — Sharp and Fowler. This shark, like 
the preceding, is a surface swimmer. 
Food: Fish. — Linton. 
Family Carchariid^. 
Carcharias litloralis (Mitchill). Sand shark. 
Baird, 1873 ( Eugomphodus littoralis)-, Verrill 
and Smith, 1873, p. 521 ( Eugomphodus littor- 
alis)-, Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 46; 
H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Linton, 1901, p. 428; 
Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 506; Field, 1907, p. 
i6etseq.; Kendall, 190S, p. 6. 
Carcharias littoralis — Continued. 
Everywhere in shoal waters of Vineyard Sound 
and Buzzards Bay, sometimes entering the 
mouth of streams; the commonest local shark 
with the exception of Mustelus canis. Nan- 
tucket. — Sharp and Fowler. Present from 
June to November. Traps, lines, occasionally 
in seines. 
Unripe eggs found July 8 and 10 (1890, 1892); 
immature through July. — F. R. Lillie in Ma- 
rine Biological Laboratory card catalogue. 
Mr. Edwards states that he has never found the 
eggs of this shark. 
Food: Homarus americanus, in abundance, Can- 
cer irroratus, Loligo pealii. — Verrill and Smith. 
Fish, crabs, and various other animals. — 
H. M. Smith. Menhaden, sea bass, scup, but- 
terfish, and squid. — Linton. In order of fre- 
quency: Menhaden (probably eaten after cap- 
ture in the trap), other fishes (flounder, scup, 
alewife, squeteague, sea robin, butterfish, 
bonito), squid. — I. A. Field. 
Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- 
rhynchus acus, E. carcharias. Nematodes (Lin- 
ton) — Acanthocheilus sp., Ascaris sp. Cestodes 
(Linton) — Crossobothrium angustum, C. lacini- 
atum, Rhynchobothrium longicorne. Copepods 
(C. B. Wilson) — Alebion gracile, Anthosoma 
crassum, Caligus rapax, Nesippus alatus, 
Pandarus sinuatus, P. smithii. 
Family Lamnid^. 
Isurus dekayi (Gill). Mackerel shark. 
Baird, 1873 (Isuropsis dekayi); Jordan and Ever- 
mann, 1896, p. 48; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; 
Linton, 1901, p. 429; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, 
p. 506; Kendall, 1908, p. 6. 
Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, in traps, 
particularly at Menemsha; comparatively 
common, though not so common as formerly. — 
Edwards. Most numerous in fall ; taken until 
December. — Smith . 
Food: Conger eel, fragments of fish. — Linton. 
Parasites: Immature nematodes. Cestodes (Lin- 
ton) — Anthobothrium laciniatum, Monorygma 
sp., Phyllobothrium sp., Platybothrium parnum, 
Tetra rhynchus robustus ,T hysa nocepha lum ridicu- 
lum. — Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Anthosoma 
crassum, Echthrogaleus coleoptratus. 
ILamna cornubica (Gmelin). Porbeagle, mackerel 
shark. 
Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 49; Kendall, 
1908, p. 7. 
