bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. 
738 
Raja erinacea — Continued. 
(1) , 7676 (2), 7681 (1 large, 1 small), 7686 (1), 
7689 (1), 7698 (1 young), 7699 (1), 7700 (1), 7702 
(1 small), 7703 (1 young), 7708 (1), 7717 (1 
large, 1 small), 7719 (1), 7721 (1), 7722 (1), 7724 
(2) , 7725 (1 small), 7726 (2 small), 7727 (1), 7728 
(1 small), 7729 (1 small), 7730 (3), 7761 (1 
small). 
Prof. I. A. Field has frequently found encapsuled 
eggs (never more than one at a time) in the ovi- 
ducts of this skate, at Menemsha Bight, during 
July and August. Judging from the condition 
of the ovaries he believes that the eggs are laid 
during the entire summer, perhaps from May 
until October. Bumpus states that “at times 
fully a bucketful of eggs have been deposited 
in the ‘fish cars’ in a single night” (month not 
stated). 
Food: Usually Crustacea (hermit crabs, Cancer, 
Callinectes, Panopens, etc., shrimps and am- 
phipods), annelids, also bivalve mollusks, 
squid, and fish. — Linton. In order of fre- 
quency: crabs (rock crab and lady crab), 
shrimps, small fishes (mostly Animodytes), 
squid, amphipods, razor clams, lobster, algse. — 
I. A. Field. 
Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- 
rhynchus sagittifer. Nematodes (Linton) — As- 
caris clavata, A. roiundata, immature nema- 
todes. Cestodes (Linton) — Eckeneibothrium 
variabile, Rhynchobothrium bulbifer, R. im- 
parispine, R. tenuispine, R. tumidulum, Tetra- 
rhynchus sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Ar- 
gulns laticauda, A. megalops, Caligus rapax, 
Lepeophtheirus edwardsi. 
Raja ocellata Mitchill. Winter skate, big skate. 
Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 68; 
Bumpus, 1898a, p. 58; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 
89; Linton, 1901, p. 431; Kendall, 1908, p. 11. 
Common in Vineyard Sound in water of at least 
5 or 6 fathoms; never taken in shoal water, and 
not found in Buzzards Bay. — Edwards. A 
specimen doubtfully assigned to this species 
was taken in Vineyard Sound, August 8, 1905 
(at Fish Hawk station 7730). Present from 
February till June, and from October till the 
end of trap fishing; absent or very rare in sum- 
mer. — Smith. 
Food: Squid and annelids. — Lir ton. Mostly 
c rab s .— E d wards . 
Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) — Acanthocheilus 
sp., Ascaris roiundata, immature nematodes. 
Cestodes (Linton) — Eckeneibothrium variabile, 
Phyllobothrium loliginis, Rhynchobothrium im- 
parispine. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligus 
jap ax. 
Raja radiaia Donovan. Starry ray. 
Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 69; 
H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Kendall, 1908, p. 
12. 
Menemsha Bight, fish traps; not common, none 
having been taken for years. — Edwards. 
Raja eglanteria (Bose). Briar ray. 
Baird, 1873 ( Raia diaphana ); Bean, 1884 ( Raia 
eglanteria ); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p.71 ; 
H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Kendall, 1908, p. 12. 
Menemsha, ndt common, a few every year; for- 
merly at the breakwater. — Smith. Woods 
Hole, one taken September 14, 1911. 
Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino- 
rhynchus acus. Nematodes — Ascaris roiundata. 
Cestodes — Acanthoboihrium paulum, Antho- 
bothrium laciniatum, Rhinebothriurn minimum, 
Rhynchobothrium imparispine. 
Raja loevis Mitchill. Barndoor skate. 
Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 521; 
Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 
71; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Linton, 1901, p. 
431; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 506: Kendall, 
1908, p. 13. 
Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, in traps. 
Common in spring and fall, rare in summer. — 
Smith. Nantucket. — Sharp and Fowler. 
Food: Crago septemspinosus, Cirolana concharum, 
Nephthys incisa, Cerebratulus lacteus, Phasco- 
losoma gouldii, Ensis directus , Tautogolabrus 
adspersus, Cancer irroratus, Homarus ameri- 
canus. — Verrill and Smith (R. loevis?). Lob- 
sters. — Linton. Crabs. — Edwards. 
Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris ro- 
tundata. Cestodes (Linton) — Acanthoboihrium 
coronatum, Eckeneibothrium variabile, Mono- 
rygma sp., Phyllobothrium foliatum, P. loli- 
ginis, Rhinebothriurn minimum, Rhynchoboth- 
rium imparispine, Scolex polymorphus, Teira- 
rhynchus robustus. Trematodes (Linton) — 
Distomum veliporum, trematodes undeter- 
mined. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligus 
curtus, C. rapax. 
Raja sp. 
Eggs of undetermined skates (probably chiefly 
R. erinacea) were dredged at the following 
points: 
Fish Hawk stations: 7543 bis (1), 7545 (few), 
7545 bis (1), 7546 bis (2), 7547 bis (1), 7552 (1), 
7554(2), 7554 bis (1), 7558 (several), 7561 (few), 
75 6 3 W- 7564 (1), 75 6 5 (i)> 759 1 (1), 7592 (few), 
7593 (several, 1 living), 7599 (1), 7620 (1), 7629 
(1), 7648, 7653 (1), 7657 (1), 7661 (1), 7664 (1), 
7671 (2), 7672 (2), 7676 (1), 7679 (1), 7680 (1 
living), 7682 (1), 7706, 7718 (few), 7720 (4), 7744 
(1), 7752 (1 living). 
Phalarope stations: 52 (1), 65 (1). 
