BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS FI OLE AND VICINITY. 
741 
Family Elopid^E. 
Tarpon atlanticus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Tar- 
pon. 
Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 409; H. M. 
Smith, 1898, p. 90; Sherwood and Edwards, 
1901; Kendall, 1908, p. 34. 
South Dartmouth (every year); occasionally at 
Quisset Harbor and Menemsha Bight. — 
Smith. Woods Hole. — Sherwood and Ed- 
wards. Present chiefly during latter part of 
September; one recorded for August 31. 
Taken in traps, but can not be sold locally for 
food. Weight of local specimens, 80 to 100 
pounds, of uniform size. — Smith. 
Parasites (Linton): Ichthyonema globiceps. 
Elops saurus Linnaeus. Ten-pounder, big-eyed 
herring. 
Baird, 1873; Goode, 1884, p. 611; Jordan and 
Evermann, 1896, p. 410; H. M. Smith, 1898, 
p. 90; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Ken- 
dall, 1908, p. 35. 
Marthas Vineyard, southward. — Goode. Vine- 
yard Sound, Vineyard Haven. — Smith. Ed- 
gartown, Tisbury Pond.— Edwards. Nan- 
tucket. — Sharp and Fowler. Common; re- 
ported as more numerous of late years. Present 
only in the fall, none being recorded before 
October; then taken in traps and herring gill 
nets. — Smith. 
Parasites (Linton): Rhynchobothrium bulbifer. 
Family Albui.id.®. 
Albula vulpes (Linnaeus). Ladyfish, bonefish. 
Baird, 1873 ( Conorhynchus macrocephalus); Jor- 
dan and Evermann, 1896, p. 411; Smith, 1898, 
p. 91; Kendall, 1908, p. 35. 
Menemsha Bight fish traps. — Edwards. Re- 
ported by Baird in 1871, but none seen for 
many years. — Smith. 
Family Clupeid^E. 
Etrumeus teres (De Kay). Round herring. 
Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 420 ( Etrumeus 
sadina); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91 ( E . sadina); 
Kendall, 1908, p. 36. 
Buzzards Bay trap, Eel Pond, Menemsha Bight; 
ordinarily rare, occasionally common; very 
abundant in 1903, several barrels being taken 
in single lift of the trap ; abundant again in 1908, 
when they appeared in the local traps on July 
3, and were taken until October 21. During 
part of this period many hundreds were taken 
at once. 
Parasites (Linton): Scolex polymorphus. 
Clupea harengus Linnaeus. Herring. 
Storer, 1867, p. 153 (Clupea elongata); Baird, 1873 
C. elongata)-, Verrill, 1873, p. 520 (C. elongata)-, 
Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 421; Bumpus, 
1898 a, p. 59; Mead, 1898, p. 702 ; H. M. Smith, 
1898, p. 91; Linton, 1901, p. 437; Sharp and 
Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Kendall, 1908, p. 36. 
Seasonally abundant and generally distributed 
throughout the region. Adults with spawn 
appear about October 15, remaining until cold 
weather. Taken in traps and gill nets. 
Spawn in the fall ; young taken in tow from Oc- 
tober to June; few or none in midsummer. — 
Towing records of V. N. Edwards. 
Food: Crago septemspinosus, Mysis americana, 
Gammarus natator, also small fishes. — Verrill 
and Smith. (For young fish only): Squid, 
shrimps, annelids, copepods, other small Crus- 
tacea, including megalops of crabs, diatoms. 
Parasites (Linton) : Nematodes — Agamonema cap- 
sularia, Ascaris sp. (immature). Cestodes — 
Rhynchobothrium imparispine, larval cestodes 
(Scolex polymorphus). Trematodes — Disto- 
mum appendiculatum, D. bothryophoron, D. 
ocreatum, D. vitellosum. Protozoa- — sporozoa 
in muscles. 
Clupanodon pseudohispanicus (Poey). Spanish 
sardine . 
Kendall and .Smith, 1895, p. 17-18 (Clupea pseu- 
do his panica)’, Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 
423; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; 1901 a; Linton, 
1901, p. 438; Kendall, 1908, p. 37. 
Menemsha Bight, Woods Hole, Eel Pond; gen- 
erally rare; abundant in 1892. — Smith. A 
number in 1900; 6 taken in Eel Pond, October 
and November, 1908. — Edwards. Appear dur- 
ing September, October, and November; taken 
in traps and seines. 
Food: Numerous copepods (August). — Linton. 
Parasites (Linton): Distomum appendiculatum. 
Pomolobus mediocris (Mitchill). — Hickory shad. 
Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 425; 
H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Linton, 1901, p. 438; 
Kendall, 1908, p. 37. 
Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, common, 
3,500 having been taken in one trap. — Smith- 
Present from spring till end of trap-fishing sea. 
son; most numerous in the fall, when they are 
taken as food fish. 
Food : Fish , squid , small crabs , other Crustacea. — 
Linton. 
Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino- 
rhynchus acus. Nematodes — Ascaris clavata, 
A. habena, A. sp. Cestodes — Larvse (Scolex 
polymorphus), Tetrarhynchus sp . Trematodes — 
Distomum appendiculatum. 
