bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. 
742 
Pomolobus pseudoharengus (Wilson). Ale wife, 
branch herring (known locally as “herring”). 
Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 426; 
Bumpus, 1898, p. 486; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 
91; Linton, 1901, p. 439; Sharp and Fowler, 
1904, p. 507, Kendall, 1908, p. 38. 
Common throughout local waters, ascending 
streams in the spring. It arrives in March and 
April, passing then into fresh water and return- 
ing in May.— Smith. Abundant also in Octo- 
ber and November. — Edwards. Taken in 
traps and in dip-nets. 
Spawns in streams and ponds in April and May. 
Food (only young examined): All contained 
copepods, shrimps, young squid. — Linton. 
Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- 
rhynchus acus; immature nematodes. Cestodes 
(Linton) — Rhynchobothrium imparispine, larvae 
(Scolex polymor phus) . Trematodes (Linton) — 
Distomum appendiculatum , D. bothryopkoron, 
D. vitellosum, Monostomum sp. Protozoa: 
sporozoa in muscles. Copepods (C. B. Wil- 
son)— A rgulus alosce, Caligus rapax, Lepeoph- 
theirus edwardsi. 
Pomolobus aestivalis (Mitchill). Glut herring, 
black back. 
Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 426; H. M. 
Smith, 1898, p. 91; Kendall, 1908, p. 38. 
Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, etc., common. 
Comes later than branch herring. — Smith. 
Taken in September and October. — Edwards. 
Spawns in brackish ponds. 
Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino- 
rhynchus acus. Nematodes — Heterakis foveo- 
lata. 
Alosa sapidissima (Wilson). Shad. 
Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 427; 
H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Linton, 1901; Sharp 
and Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Kendall, 1908, p. 39. 
Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, etc. Not un- 
common, though far less numerous than for- 
merly. — Smith. Nantucket. — Sharp and Fow- 
ler. Comes about May 1 , remaining only about 
a week; contains well advanced spawn on arri- 
val.— Edwards. Taken in traps. 
Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- 
rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris 
adunca, Ascaris sp. (immature). Copepods 
(C. B. Wilson) — Caligus rapax. 
Opisthonema oglinum (Le Sueur). Thread herring. 
Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 432; H. M. 
Smith, 1898, p. 91; Kendall, 1908, p. 40. 
Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, very rare, 
though reported as common one year (1885). — 
Smith. Several taken in 1901 and 1902. — 
Edwards. Occur from July till fall. 
Brevoortia tyrannies (Latrobe). Menhaden, pogy. 
Storer, 1867, p. 159 ( Alosa menhaden ); Baird, 
1873 (Brevoortia menhaden)', Goode, 1879, p. 
1-5 14; Peck, 1894; Jordan and Evermann, 
1896, p. 433; Bumpus, 1898a, p. 59; 1898b, p. 
851; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Linton, 1901, 
p. 440; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Ken- 
dall, 1908, p. 40. 
Abundant everywhere throughout the region, 
swimming in schools at the surface and often 
running into brackish water; in winter prob- 
ably going to deep water. They arrive in 
schools about May 20, though scattered ones 
are taken in March, and remain till December 
1 or later. Most abundant in June. Taken 
in traps and purse nets. One taken in 1876 
measured 18 inches, probably the largest on 
record. — Smith. 
Reproduction not well understood (see H. M. 
Smith, 1898, p. 91). Appears to breed in June, 
schools of young J4 to 1 inch in length being 
common during July.- — Bumpus, Edwards. 
Food: Minute Crustacea and unicellular animals 
and plants. (For full statement see Peck, 
1894.) 
Parasites: Cestodes (Linton) — larva (Scolex poly- 
morphus), Synbothrium Jilicolle. Trematodes 
(Linton) — Distomum appendiculatum, D.fene- 
stratum, D. vitellosum, D. sp., Gasterostomum 
arcuatum. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Bomo- 
lochus teres, Caligus chelifer, C. schistonyx, Ler- 
naseniscus radiatus, Lernanthropus brevoortiae. 
A serious epidemic occured among local men- 
haden in 1904; enormous numbers of dead 
drifted to shore in Narragansett Bay, and con- 
siderable numbers in New Bedford Harbor. 
Family Engraulidid.-p. 
Anchovia brownii (Gmelin). Anchovy. 
Goode, 1884, p. 611 (Stolephorus brownii)', Jor- 
dan and Evermann, 1896, p. 443 (Stolephorus 
brownii)', H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92 (Stolephorus 
brownii)', Linton, 1901, p. 440 (Stolephorus 
brownii)', Kendall, 1908, p. 41. 
Throughout Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 
Great Tisbury Pond ; usually abundant. Pres- 
ent from first of May till late in fall. — Edwards. 
Taken in traps and seines. 
With ripe spawn till August. — Edwards. 
Food: Usually copepods, also univalve mol- 
lusks.— Linton. 
Parasites (Linton): Immature nematodes. Ces- 
todes — larvae (Scolex polymorphus). Trema- 
todes — Distomum appendiculatum , D. sp. 
