744 
BULLETIN OE THE BUREAU OP FISHERIES. 
Fit ndulus maja lis — Cont inued . 
Common nearly everywhere throughout the year, 
on sandy shores and among weeds; extremely 
abundant in certain localities. Vineyard Ha- 
ven (Lagoon Pond) is perhaps the most satis- 
factory local collecting ground. Commonly 
obtained with the seine. 
Begins spawning in June; fertile spawn obtain- 
able throughout July and early August. Prof. 
Whitman (Marine Biological Laboratory card 
catalogue) states that the eggs are laid in sand 
3 or 4 inches deep. 
Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) — Heterakis sp. 
Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — Argulus funduli, 
A. megalops , Caligus rufimaculatus . 
Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus). Common killi- 
fisli, mummichog, common minnow. 
Baird, 1873 ( Fundulus pisculentus and F. multi- 
fasciatus ); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 320 
{Fundulus pisculentus)', Jordan and Ever- 
mann, 1896, p. 640; H. M. Smith, T898, p. 92; 
Bumpus, 1898a, p. 59; Bumpus, 1898b, p. 852; 
Linton, 1901, p. 441; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, 
p. 507; Kendall, 1908, p. 54. 
Occurs everywhere and at all seasons in shallow 
weedy waters and on sandy shores, even where 
the sea water is considerably diluted; fre- 
quently taken in great abundance. 
Spawns throughout June and July; ripe spawn 
has been taken as early as the middle of May 
and as late as early August. Cross fertilization 
has been artificially effected between this spe- 
cies and F. majalis. 
Food: A variety of vegetable matter, eelgrass, 
etc., enormous numbers of diatoms and Fora- 
minifera; shrimps and other Crustacea. — Lin- 
ton. — Large numbers of Melampus bidenta- 
tus. — Verrill and Smith. In order of fre- 
quency: Diatoms (mostly Pleurosigma ), small 
Crustacea (amphipods), algae, prawns, Mol- 
gula, Nereis, eelgrass, small fishes (sp. ?), 
Haminea, lady crabs, Mya arenaria, Solenya 
velum. — I. A. Field. 
Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Eckino- 
rhynchus acus, E. clavceceps. Nematodes (Lin- 
ton) — Ascaris sp. (immature), Heterakis sp. 
Cestodes (Linton) — Otobothrium crenacolle, lar- 
vae ( Scolex polymorphic). Trematodes (Lin- 
ton) — Diplostomum sp. (cyst in liver), Disto- 
mum tornatum, D. sp. Copepods (C. B. Wil- 
son) — Argulus funduli, A. megalops, Caligus 
rufimaculatus , Lernceeniscus radiatus. 
Locally this fish has for many years served as one 
of the most important objects of biological 
study and experimentation. 
Fundulus diaphanus (Le Sueur). — Killifish, fresh- 
water minnow. 
Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 645; H. M. 
Smith, 1898, p. 92; Kendall, 1908, p. 55. 
Waquoit Bay, Great Pond, Hadley Harbor, Eel 
Pond (rare), Tashmoo Pond (very abundant), 
Tisbury Pond (abundant). A brackish and 
fresh-water species, seldom or never found in 
undiluted sea water. Mr. Edwards records the 
unexpected presence of this fish in the small 
streams flowing down the clay bank at Gay 
Head. 
Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala— -Echino- 
rhynchus acus. Nematodes — Heterakis sp. Ces- 
todes — Tania sp. 
Lucania parva (Baird & Girard). Rain-water fish. 
Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 665; H. M. 
Smith, 1898, p. 92; Kendall, 1908, p. 56. 
Waquoit Bay, and brackish ponds between latter 
and Woods Hole, Eel Pond, Quisset Harbor, 
Tashmoo Pond (few in 1904), Vineyard Haven, 
Katama, Tisbury Pond (many in 1906). A 
resident fish, fairly common in suitable locali- 
ties (weedy shores in brackish waters), but 
seldom taken in any abundance. 
Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepede. Short minnow, 
variegated minnow. 
Storer, 1867, p. 280; Baird, 1873; Gurley, 1893, 
1894; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 671; 
Bumpus, 1898b, p. 852; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 
92; Linton, 1901, Kendall, 1908, p. 56. 
Salt and brackish water ponds near Falmouth, 
occasionally a few in Woods Hole Harbor; lo- 
cally abundant on shallow, weedy shores; a 
resident fish. 
Spawns in June. — Smith. Ripe eggs recorded 
July 13. — Osburn. 
Parasites: Myxobolus lintoni. — Gurley. 
Family Esocid^. 
Tylosurus marinus (Walbaum). Silver gar, bill- 
fish. 
Storer, 1867, p. 137 {Belone truncata)\ Baird, 1873 
( Belone longirostris)'. Bean, 1884; Jordan and 
Evermann, 1896, p. 714; H. M. Smith, 1898, 
p. 93; Linton, 1901, p. 442; Kendall, 1908, p. 
56 . 
Shores of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 
common. Especially common at Quisset Har- 
bor. — Edwards. Present from May to Octo- 
ber. — Smith. Taken in traps and seines. 
Food: Fish and shrimps. — Linton. 
Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- 
rhynchus clavaeceps. Cestodes (Linton) — larvae 
