BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 
749 
Scomber scombrus — Continued. 
i, though taken in Menemsha traps and by line 
fishermen till November. First one in 1898 
taken May 3 (Bumpus); first in 1900 taken 
April 29 (Sherwood and Edwards). 
Spawns during middle and latter part of June, 
offshore. — Bumpus. In the middleof May fish 
are taken with ripe eggs and milt, this condi- 
tion lasting about a month; young, 2j4 inches 
long, recorded June 3, 1903. — Edwards. 
Food: Some taken in July, 20 miles south of No 
Mans Land, contained shrimps, various larval 
and immature Crustacea, copepods, and nu- 
merous pteropods. — Verrill and Smith. Small 
fish, small Crustacea, squid, copepods (re- 
corded for young fish only). — Linton. 
Parasites; Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- 
rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) — Agamo- 
nema capsularia (immature), A. papilligerus, 
Ascaris capsularia, A. clavata, A. sp. Cestodes 
(Linton) — Dibothrium punctatum, D. sp. (lar- 
va), Rhynchobothrium bulbifer, R. impanspine, 
R. speciosum, Scolex polymorphus (larva), Te- 
trarhynchus bisulcalus . Trematodes (Linton) — 
Distomum appendiculatum, D. gulosum. D. 
vitellosum, Octocotyle major. Copepods (C. B. 
Wilson) — Caligus rapax. 
An extensive local mackerel fishery exists, 
chiefly by means of lines operated from small 
schooners. Many are likewise taken in gill nets 
during May and June, and by traps throughout 
the season. 
Scomber colias Gmelin. Chub mackerel, bull’s-eye 
mackerel. 
Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 866; H. M. 
Smith, 1898, p. 95; Kendall, 1908, p. 72 (Scom- 
ber japonicus). 
Vineyard Sound and lower part of Buzzards Bay, 
uncommon to abundant. — Smith. About 5,000 
taken at Menemsha, August 25, 1906. — Ed- 
wards. Abundant in 1908. Taken in traps 
and on lines, along with other mackerel, from 
July 15 to the end of October. — Smith. 
This fish is sold by local fishermen along with the 
common mackerel. 
Auxis i. hazard (Lacepede.) Frigate mackerel. 
Goode, 1884a, p. 305; Jordan and Evermann, 
1896, p. 867; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 95; Ken- 
dall, 1908, p. 72. 
Sow and Pigs Lightship. — A. H. Clark, cited by 
Goode. Menemsha Bight (1885), Woods Hole 
(June 29, 1892 [2 specimens]). — Smith. Ap- 
parently very rare in local waters. 
Gymnosarda pelamis (Linnaeus). Oceanic bonito. 
Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 868; H. M. 
Smith, 1898, p. 96; Kendall, 1908, p. 72. 
Menemsha Bight, recorded for only one season 
(1878), in which year they were abundant, 
2,000 to 3,000 being taken in the traps during 
several weeks. — Smith. Taken again October 
10, 1905.' — Edwards. 
Parasites: Tristomum leave. — Linton. 
Gymnosarda alleterata (Rafinesque). Little tunny, 
bonito. 
Baird, 1873 ( Orcynus alliteratus)', Verrill and 
Smith, 1873, p. 516 (Orcynus thunnina ); Goode, 
1884a, p. 322 (Orcynus alliteratus)', Jordan and 
Evermann, 1896, p. 869; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 
96; Kendall, 1908, p. 73. 
Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. — Goode. 
Taken regularly at Menemsha, where some- 
times as many as xoo are taken at a single lift of 
the trap. — Smith. Present in July and Au- 
gust. They are said to be all of about the same 
size (about 8 pounds). 
Food: One local specimen in August contained 
11 Loligo pealii. — Verrill and Smith. 
Parasites (Linton): Cestodes — Rhynchobothrium 
bulbifer. Trematodes — Distomum monticellii. 
Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus). Horse mackerel, 
tunny. 
Baird, 1873 (Orcynus secundi-dorsalis ); Bean, 
1884 (Orcynus thynnus ); Jordan and Evermann, 
1896, p. 870; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 96; Linton, 
1901, p. 445; Kendall, 1908, p. 73. 
Quisset Harbor, Buzzards Bay, Menemsha, No 
Mans Land (6 in 1904). Formerly plentiful 
but now rare. Several at Menemsha in 1908. — 
Edwards. Nantucket. — Sharp and Fowler. 
Taken in traps. 
Food: Squid (only one fish examined). — Linton. 
Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echinor- 
hynchus sp. Trematodes — Distomum clava- 
tum. 
Germo alalunga (Gmelin). Long-finned albacore. 
Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 871; H. M. 
Smith, 1898, p. 96; Kendall, 1908, p. 74. 
One taken in a fyke net in Great Harbor, May 21, 
1895, this being the only known occurrence on 
the Atlantic coast of the United States.— 
Smith. 
Sarda sarda (Bloch). Bonito. 
Storer, 1867, p. 64 (Pclamys sarda)', Baird, 1873 
(Sarda pelamys ); Verrill, 1873, p. 516 (Sarda 
pelarnys)\ Goode, 1884a, p. 319; Jordan and 
Evermann, 1896, p. 872; H. M. Smith, 1898, 
