760 
bulletin of the bureau of fisheries. 
Tautogolabrus adspersus — Continued. 
Taken everywhere and in large numbers, espe- 
cially under wharves and around piers. A 
resident fish, said to take refuge among eelgrass 
in winter. Caught with seine, fyke, small 
trap, or hand line. Dredged by the Survey 
(chiefly young specimens) throughout Vine- 
yard Sound and Buzzards Bay, in waters of 2 
to 20 fathoms depth. 
Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (1), 7525 1 (small), 
7543 bis (1 small), 7548 (1), 7556 (1 small), 7564 
(1 small), 7572 (1 large, 1 small), 7580 (1), 7608 
(1 small), 7610 (x small), 7615 (2 very small), 
7619 (several), 7622 (several young), 7624 (sev- 
eral young), 7626 (several small), 7633, 7637 (1 
very small), 7638 (1 very small), 7643 (few 
small), 7644 (2 large, several small), 7663 (1), 
7671 (several), 7675 (3), 7688 (1 small), 7689 
(5), 77 2 ° (i)> 772i (several), 7742 (1 small), 7745 
(1 medium), 7750 (1), 7759 (2), 7762 (many), 
7763 (several), 7764 (very many), 7767 (many 
small), 7768 (1), 7778 (1 medium). 
Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 3 (1 small), 
48 (1 small), 60 (1), 73 (1), 75 (1), 130 (1 small), 
136. 
Spawns in June and early July. Young taken 
in tow from June to October, being most 
abundant in June and July. — Towing records 
of V. N. Edwards. 
Food: Seaweed, hydroid stems, bryozoa, tuni- 
cates, annelids, small Crustacea ( Caprella , 
shrimps, etc.), univalve mollusks. — Linton. 
In order of frequency: Amphipods, eelgrass, 
snails, prawns, small fishes (silversides, stickle- 
backs, pipefish, etc.), Botryllus, rock crab, 
algse, teleost eggs, lady crabs, hydroicls, 
Nereis, hermit crab, isopods, Soleyma velum, 
bryozoa. — I. A. Field. 
Parasites (Linton): Immature nematodes. Ces- 
todes — Rhynchobothrium imparispine (cysts). 
Trematodes — immature distomes in skin, Dis- 
tomum areolatum, D. vitellosum, D. sp. 
This species is sometimes destroyed in great 
numbers during severe winters. Mr. Ed- 
wards states that barrels of dead cunners were 
found floating in the water after “anchor ice,’’ 
February, igoi. 
Tautoga onitis (Linnceus). Tautog, blackfish. 
Baird, 1S73; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 515, 
Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 102, Jor- 
dan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1578; Sherwood 
and Edwards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 463; 
Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 510; Kendall, 1908, 
p. 108. 
Tautoga onitis — Continued. 
Abundant everywhere and at all seasons through- 
out the region. Taken in traps and on hand 
lines; the young frequently caught in the 
seine. 
Spawns in June and July. Young taken in tow 
in June, July, and August. — Towing records of 
V. N. Edwards. 
Food: Cancer irroratus, Pagurus longicarpus, Pa- 
gurus pollicaris, Panopeus depressus, P. sayi, 
Ovalipes ocellatus, Pelia mutica, Homarus 
americanus, Balanus crenatus, Loligo pealii, 
Crepidula fornicata, C. plana, Triforis nigro- 
cinctus, Area pexata, Pecten gibbus borealis, 
Mytilus edulis, Modiolus modiolus, Nucula 
proximo, Mya arenaria, Petricola pholadif ormis , 
Bittium alternation, Tritia trivittata, Echina- 
rachnius parma, Crisia eburnea, Styela partita, 
Didemnum lutarium . — Verrill and Smith. A 
great variety of crabs and mollusks; in young 
specimens, seaweed, small Crustacea, mollusks, 
and annelids. — Linton. Astonishing as it may 
seem, the tautog unquestionably devours sessile 
barnacles of considerable size. 
Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino- 
rhynchus acus. Cestodes — Rhynchobothrium 
hispidum (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (larvae). 
Trematodes — Distomum vitellosum, D. sp., 
Microcotyle hiatulee, immature distomes in 
skin. 
Mr. Edwards reports that great numbers of this 
fish, like the preceding species, were killed 
(by “ anchor ice”) in February, 1901 (see note 
above). 
Family Scarid^E. 
Sparisoma flavescens (Bloch & Schneider). Parrot- 
fish. 
Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1639; H. M. 
Smith, 1901; Kendall, 1908, p. no. 
One specimen picked up on shore of Buzzards 
Bay, November 13, 1900. — Smith. 
Scarus croicensis (Bloch.) Parrot-fish. 
Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1650; H. M. 
Smith, 1901, Kendall 1908, p. no. 
Katama Bay, two specimens seined October 20, 
1900. — Smith. 
Family Ephippid^E. 
Chatodipterus faber (Broussonet). Angel -fish, 
spadefish. 
Goode, 1884a, p. 445-446; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 
102; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1668; 
Linton, 1901, p. 463; Kendall, 1908, p. in. 
