BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 
769 
Merluccius bilinearis — Continued . 
ture), Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. 
imparispine (cysts), Scolex polymorphous (lar- 
vae). Trematodes — Distomum ocreatum, D. 
vitellosum. 
Not valued by local fisherman, except for bait. 
Family Gadim;. 
Pollachius virens (Linnaeus). Pollock. 
Baird, 1873 ( Pollachius carbonarius)', H. M. 
Smith, 1898, p. 107; Jordan and Evermann, 
1898, p. 2534; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; 
Linton, 1901, p. 474; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, 
p. 51 1 ; Kendall, 1908, p. 137. 
Vineyard Sound, Eel Pond, Great Harbor, Me- 
nemsha Bight, Buzzards Baj r . Common for- 
merly; only a few adults now taken in the 
Sound, young numerous. — Edwards. Adults 
appear in May, departing when water reaches 
temperature of 60 to 65 degrees; no regular line 
fishing for these, though many are caught in 
the traps. — Smith. 
Spawns [at Gloucester] from the end of October to 
the end of December. Young fish ijL inches 
long appear in April. — Smith. Young taken 
in the tow net from January to May, most 
abundant in April. — Towing records of V. N. 
Edwards. Larger young, 7 or 8 inches long, 
are taken in February and March; a similar 
run of fish of this size in the fall. — Smith. 
Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- 
rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris 
clavata, immature nematodes. Cestodes (Lin- 
ton) — Rhynchobothrium imparispine (cysts). 
Trematodes (Linton) — Dactylocotyle deniicu- 
latum, Distomum ocreatum. Copepods (C. B. 
Wilson) — Alebion gracile, Caligus curtus, C. 
mutabilis, C. rapax, Lernoea branchialis . 
Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum). Tomcod, frost- 
fish. 
Baird, 1873 ( Microgadus tomcodus)', Verrill and 
Smith, 1873, P- 5*9! Bean, 1884 ( Gadus tom- 
codus)', H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 107; Jordan and 
Evermann, 1898, p. 2540; Sherwood and Ed- 
wards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 475; Kendall, 
1908, p. 138. 
Everywhere in the harbors, near shore, abun- 
dant in winter, though taken throughout the 
year. Taken with fyke net or seine or on hook 
and line. 
Spawns in December. Young taken from Janu- 
ary till April, most frequently in March and 
April. — Towing records of V. N. Edwards. 
Attempts at artificial propagation of this fish 
have been unsuccessful at Woods Hole, though 
this has been carried on in some other places. 
Microgadus tomcod — Continued. 
Food : Local specimens taken in March and April 
contained Crago septemspinosus, Hippolyte 
zostericola, Paloemonetes vulgaris, Gammarus 
annulatus, G. natator, Calliopius laeviusculus , 
Microdeutopus minax, Gammarus ornatus, G. 
mucronatus , Elasmopus loevis, Pontogenia 
inermis, Ptilocheirus pinguis, Caprella, Nereis 
virens, various small fishes. — Verrill and Smith. 
Annelids, shrimps, amphipods, and other 
small Crustacea. — Linton. 
V- 
Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echind - 
rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris 
clavata, A. sp., Ichthyonema sp. Cestodes (Lin- 
ton) — Dibothrium rugosum, Rhynchobothrium 
bulbifer (cysts), R. imparispine (cysts), Scolex 
polymorphic (larvae). Trematodes (Linton) — 
Distomum appendiculatum, D. ocreatum, D. 
simplex, D. vitellosum, D. sp. Copepods (C. 
B. Wilson) — -Argulus laticauda, .4. megalops, 
Caligus curtus (chalimus stage). 
Gadus callarias Linnaeus. Cod. 
Storer, 1867, p. 166 ( Morrhua americana ); Baird, 
1873 ( Gadus morrhua ); Bean, 1884 ( Gadus 
morrhua ); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan 
and Evermann, 1898, p. 2541; Bumpus, 1898, 
p. 486; Linton, 1901, p. 475; Sherwood and 
Edwards, 1901; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 
511; Kendall, 1908, p. 139. 
Vineyard Sound, Great Flarbor, few in Buzzards 
Bay; keeping to deep water in winter and 
summer, but coming to shores in fall and 
spring. — Edwards. Abundant and apparently 
not decreasing. The cod appears in Vineyard 
Sound, April x, and remains till about May 15; 
makes a second visit from October till wintry 
weather. — Smith. 
Spawnsfrom the middle of November till the mid- 
dle of March. Young % inch or more in length 
taken in surface tow in March, April, and May. 
Food: Worms, herring, lants, crabs. — Smith. 
Young observed feeding on copepods. — 
Bumpus. 
Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- 
rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris 
capsularia, A. clavata, A. habcna, Heterakis 
joveolata. Cestodes (Linton) — Dibothrium ru- 
gosum, Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. 
imparispine (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) — 
Distomum ocreatum, D. rachion, D . sp. , Nitzsch- 
ia papillosa, undetermined trematodes. Cope- 
pods (C. B. Wilson) — Caligus curtus, C. rapax, 
Lernoea branchialis . 
