772 
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 
Paralichthys dentatus — Continued. 
Scolex polymorphus (larvae), Synbothriuvi fili- 
colle (cysts), T etrarhynchus bicolor (cysts), T. 
bisulcatus (cysts), T. robustus (cysts). Trema- 
todes (Linton) — Diclidophora affinis , Distomum 
appendiculatum , D. dentatum , D. grandiporum, 
D. monticellii, D. pudens, D. vitellosum, D. sp. 
Rhynchobdellida: a leech. Copepods (C. B. 
Wilson) — Argulus alosee, A. laticauda, A. 
megalops, Chondr acanthus galeritus, Lepeoph- 
iheirus edwardsi. 
Paralichthys oblongus (Mitchill). Four-spotted 
flounder. [Chart 208.] 
Baird, 1873 ( Chcenopsetia oblonga); Bean, 1884; 
Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 436; Bumpus, 1898a, 
p. 60; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 108; Jordan and 
Evermann, 1898, p. 2632; Linton, 1901, p. 483; 
Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 512; Kendall, 1908, 
p. 147 - 
Common everywhere, though less so than preced- 
ing species. Taken in May and June, being 
scarce at other times; most abundant about 
June 1. — Smith. Dredged by the Survey at 
scattered stations in the outer portions of Vine- 
yard Sound and Buzzards Bay; 7 to 17 fath- 
oms, sand and mud. 
Fish Hawk stations: 7543 bis (several), 7554 (1 
small), 7602 (1 small), 7634 (1), 7656 (1), 7661 
(1 large), 7673 (3 small), 7676 (4), 7686 (1), 
7706 (1). 
Spawns in May; incubation lasts about eight 
days. — Smith ; Bumpus. 
Food: Shrimps, amphipods, small crabs ( Can- 
cer] I, annelids, mollusks, small Crustacea, small 
fish. — Linton. 
Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echino- 
rhynchus acus. Immature nematodes. Ces- 
todes (Linton)— Dibothrium punctatum, Phyl- 
lobothrium loliginis (immature), Scolex poly- 
morphus (larvae), Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus 
(cysts). Trematodes (Linton) — Distomum vi- 
tellosum, D. sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) — 
Caligus rapax, Lepeophtheirus edwardsi. 
Eimanda ferruginea (Storer). Rusty dab., rusty 
flatfish. 
Baird, 1873 (Myzopsetta ferruginea)', Bean, 1884; 
Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 427; FI. M. Smith, 
1898, p. 108; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 
2644; Linton, 1901, p. 484; Kendall, 1908, p. 
147. 
Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay ; very common 
throughout the year, at depths of 10 to 12 
fathoms; a few taken in Great Harbor in fyke 
nets during winter. — Smith. Dredged by the 
Survey at occasional stations in the western end 
of Vineyard Sound; 7 to 17 fathoms, sand. 
Limanda ferruginea — Continued. 
Fish Hawk stations: 7701 (2 young)f, 7703 (2 
young)f, 7704 (several small)f, 77x7 (1 young), 
7718 (1 young), 7719, 7724! , 7731 (i)f. 
Food: Enormous numbers of Crustacea (amphi- 
pods, shrimps, schizopods, small crabs, Ca - 
prella and Squilla), annelids, bivalve and uni- 
valve mollusks, small fishes. — Linton. 
Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala — Echino- 
rhynchus acus. Immature nematodes. Ces- 
todes — Dibothrium punctatum, Rhynchoboth- 
rium imparispine (cysts), Scolex polymorphus 
(larvee). Trematodes — Distomum simplex, D. 
vitellosum, D. sp. 
Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum). Flat- 
fish, winter flounder. [Chart 209.] 
Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 520; 
Bean, 1884 (Pleuronectes americanus); Bumpus, 
1898, p. 485; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 108; Jordan 
and Evermann, 1898, p. 2647; Linton, 1901; 
Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Sharp and 
Fowler, 1904, p. 512; Kendall, 1908, p. 148. 
Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, Great Harbor, 
Waquoit Bay; abundant throughout the year. 
Caught in traps, fyke nets, and seines or by 
hook and line. Dredged by the Survey 
throughout Buzzards Bay; in Vineyard Sound 
taken only at the eastern and western ends; 
4 to 17 fathoms, almost exclusively on bottoms 
of sand or mud or mixtures of the two. 
Fish Hawk stations: 7524 (1, 7 inches long), 7526 
(1, 8 inches long), 7582 (1), 7602 (2 small), 7613 
(1 small), 7616 (1 small), 7620 (1 small), 7622 
(2), 7643 (1), 7644(1), 7656 (3), 7657 (1), 766c 
(several small), 7661 (4), 7663 (several small), 
7671 (several), 7673 (1 small), 7676 (3 small), 
7678 (1 small), 7679 (several), 7680 (2 small), 
7681 (several), 7685 (1), 7686 (1), 7687 (2), 7688 
(1), 7689 (2), 7702 (1), 7707 (1), 7710 (1), 7721 
(1), 7724 (2), 7725 (1 small), 7728 (3), 7729 (3), 
77 30 (3), 7731 (2), 7762 (many medium sized 
and small), 7764 (several small), 7781 (1 small). 
Phalarope stations: 53 (many small), 78 (x 
small), 79 (1 small), 109, 129 (1 young). 
.Spawns from February to April or May. Young 
in tow, April, May, and June; most abundant 
in May. — Towing records of V. N. Edwards. 
For breeding habits, see Sherwood and Ed- 
wards (1901). 
Food: One specimen in August contained large 
numbers of Haminea solitaria. — Verrill and 
Smith. Shrimps and other small Crustacea, 
annelids, mollusks, red seaweed, fish. — Linton. 
Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) — Echinorhyn- 
chus acus. Nematodes (Linton) — Ascaris ha- 
bena, A. sp., Ichthyonema sp. Cestodes (Lin- 
