WHITE SUCKER 
183 
Insecta — Continued. 
Caddis-fly larvae (Neuronia). 
May-fly nymphs: 
Heptagenia. 
Chirotonetes. 
Ecdyrus. 
Iron. 
Blasturus. 
Dragon-fly nymphs: 
Libellulidae. 
iEschnidae. 
Orl-fly larvae. 
Haliplid larva. 
ECONOMIC 
Insecta — Continued. 
Tipulid larva. 
Black-fly larva (Simulium). 
Chauliodus larva. 
Dytiscid larva. 
Corixa nymph. 
Stone-fly nymphs: 
Perla. 
Isoperla. 
Capnia. 
Mosquito egg. 
Weevil. 
Fish scale. 
STATUS OF THE SUCKER 
The white sucker, being principally an insectivorous fish, is a rival of the trout 
and bass— two species of prime importance to man. While the sucker eats many 
May-fly nymphs and the trout may depend more largely upon the adult May flies, 
the rivalry is no less keen. The sucker has been reported as a “spawn eater,” 
devouring the eggs of the log perch (Reighard, 1920). It has been reported as eating 
small fishes and fish eggs. In November, 1922, twenty 6 to 8-inch suckers were 
collected directly over the newly made nests of brook trout, where eggs were doubtless 
abundant in the gravel. As not a single fish egg was found in these or in over 200 
other sucker stomachs examined it seems safe to assume that fish eggs are rarely 
taken by this species. 
As a food fish the white sucker is considered of little value. In the spring its 
flesh is firm and of agreeable flavor, but by June it becomes soft and undesirable. 
When the life histories of all fish parasites are better known it may be found that 
this species is a carrier of infection. A single 8-inch specimen taken near the Uni- 
versity Experiment Station contained 145 cestodes and 50 trematodes, while the 
intestines contained nothing else, being filled with these parasites. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
Baker, Frank C. 
1916. The relation of mollusks to fish in Oneida Lake. Technical Publication no. 4, New 
York State College of Forestry, Syracuse University, Vol. XVI, No. 21, 1916, pp. 
8-366. Syracuse. [See p. 366.] 
Balfour, Francis M. 
1881. A treatise on comparative embryology. In two volumes. Vol. II, 1881, pp. 55-67. 
MacMillan and Co., London. 
Bean, Tarleton H. 
1903. Catalogue of the fishes of New York. Bulletin 60, Zoology 9, New York State Museum, 
1903, 784 pp. Albany. [See pp. 99-103.] 
Forbes, Stephen A. 
1890. Studies of the food of fresh-water fishes. Bulletin, Illinois State Laboratory of Natural 
History, Vol. II, 1884-88 (1890), pp. 433-473. Peoria, 111. [See pp. 445-446.] 
Forbes, Stephen Alfred, and Robert Earl Richardson. 
1908. The fishes of Illinois. State Laboratory of Natural History, Natural History Survey 
of Illinois, Vol. Ill, 1908, pp. 85-86. Urbana. 
