Arctium Lappa. Burdock 
ARCTIUM Lin. Gen. PL Syngenesia Polygamia ^Equalis. 
Cal. globofus ; fquamis apice hamis inflexis. 
Rail Syn. Gen. 9. Herba; flore ex floribus fistularibus composito Sive capitata 
ARCTIUM Lappa foliis cordatis inermibus petiolatis. Lin. Syjl. Vegetal, p. 60 a; Sp. Pl. 1 1^3. 
Fl. Suec. n. 712. 
LAPPA Haller Hift. n. l6l. 
LAPPA major feu Ar&ium Diofcoridis. Bauh. Pin. 198. 
PERSONATA five Lappa major aut Bardana. J. B. III. 570* 
BARDANA major. Ger. emac. 809. 
BARDANA vulgaris major. Park. 1222. Raii Syn. I97. Great Burdock, Clot-burr. Huetfon. Ft. 
Angl. ed. 2. p. 348. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 197. Oeder FL Dan. t. 642. 
RADIX biennis, fimplex, profunde in terram defcendens, i 
foris nigricans, intus alba. 
CAULIS eredbus, tripedalis et ultra, craflitudine pollicis, j 
ad bafin ufque ramofiffimus, teres, ftriato-ful- 1 
catus, villolus, purpurafcens. | 
FOLIA amplilfima, petiolata, alterna, cordata, fubtus ;j 
albida, venofa, margine fubundulata, crenulata. 1 
PETIOLI foliis breviores, fulcato-angulati, villofi. 3 
FLORES purpurei, pedunculati, eredli, ramulis alterne 3 
difpofiti, fuperne in capitula laxa colle&i. 3 
CALYX communis globofus, imbricatus, glaber, filis 1 
araneofis intertextus, fquamis exterioribus 1 
apice hamatis, hamis nitidis, acutiffimis, fubin- i 
flexis, fg. 1, 2. interioribus linearibus, apice ij 
vivide purpureis, fimplicibus, fine hamis. 3 
COROLLA compofita, calyce longior, tubulata, propria ij 
infundibuliformis, tubo filiformi, albo, limbo j 
tubulofo-campanulato, purpureo, quinque-fido, 3 
acuto, ere£to. ^ 
STAMINA: Filamenta quinque alba, capillaria ; 5 
Antheras cierulefcentes, aut violaceae, in tu- ■ 
bum extra corollam coalitas. < 
PISTILLUM: Germen fubtriquetrum, album, incur- 
vatum ; Stylus albus, flaminibus longior, ; 
utrinque fulcatum ; Stigma bifidum. : 
SEMINA oblonga, bafi attenuata, pundlis prominentibus ; 
coronata, comprefla, fubangulata, reticulato- : 
rugofa, exterioribus incurvatis. Pappus ob- : 
foletus, rigidulus. fg. 3. 
ROOT biennial, fimple, penetrating deeply into the 
earth, externally blackifh, internally white. 
STALK upright, three feet high arid more* the thick- 
nefs of one’s thumb, branched quite down to 
the bottom, round, grooved, but not deeply, 
hoary and purplifh. 
LEAVES very large, {landing on footflalks, alternate, 
heart-fhaped, whitifh underneath, veiny, the 
edge fomcwhat waved and notched. 
LEAF-STALKS fhorter than the leaves, angular or 
grooved, and hoary. 
FLOWERS purple, {landing on footflalks, upright, 
difpofed alternately on the branches* and at 
the tops of them colle&ed into loofe heads. 
CALYX common to all the florets globular, imbricated, 
furface fhining, cobwebby, the exterior fcales 
hooked at the extremity, hooks fhining, very 
fharp, and fomewhat bent in, Jig, 1, 2. inner 
fcales linear, tops of a bright purple colour, 
fimple, without hooks. 
COROLLA compound, longer than the calyx, tubular. 
Florets funnel-fhaped, tube filiform, white, 
limb tubular, and fomewhat bell-fhaped, of a 
purple colour, divided into five upright, pointed 
fegments. 
STAMINA : five white capillary Filaments ; An- 
thers blueifh, or violet coloured, united 
into a tube, which proje&s beyond the corolla. 
PISTILLUM : Germen fomewhat three-cornered, 
white, bending inward; Style white, lon- 
ger than the flamina, grooved on each fide ; 
Stigma bifid. 
SEEDS oblong, tapering towards the bafe, crowned 
with fmall prominent points, flattened, fome- 
what angular, furface wrinkly, in the form of 
net-work, outermofl feeds bending inward. 
Down obfolete, fomewhat rigid, fg. 3. 
The antient botanifls divided the Burdock, which they diflinguifhed by the feveral names of Lappa * Perfonata , 
and ArSlium or Arcium into two principal fpecies, viz. the Lappa major Arcium Diofc. C. B. ; and the Lappa major 
montana capitulis tomontofs fve ArSlium Diofc. C. B. ; both of which are admirably figured by Matthiolus on 
wood, as indeed are mofl of the medicinal plants ; later botanifls have made the fpecies much more numerous ; 
in the third edition of Ray’s Synopfs we find no lefs than fix fpecies and one variety, viz. 
1 . Lappa major capitulo glabro maximo. 
2. Lappa major Arcium Diofcoridis. 
3. Lappa major capitulis parvis glabris. 
4. Lappa major montana capitulis tomentofs ; fve ArSlium Diofcoridis. 
* Lappa dici poteft vel «Vo tb Xc&it'j prehendere vel «tto tS A«7 fluv, i. e. lambere, quod praetereuntium veftibus adhaereat. Perforata autem 
dicitur, quod folia ejus praegrandia veluti larvae aut perl’ona: vice obtendi folita eflcnt. Veteribus ArSiton aut Anion difta o editur, verum ratio 
nominis ignoratur. Rail Htf. p. 332. 
5. Lappa 
