Carduus Palustris. Marsh Thistle. 
CARDUUS Lin. Gen. Pl. Syngenesia Poeygamia aqualis. 
Cal. ovatus, imbricatus, fquamis fpinofis. Recefit. pilofum. 
Raii Syn. Gen. g. Hee.as Flore ex FEOScims Fistularibus composito s,ve 
CAPITATyE. 
CARDUUS palujlris foliis decurrentibus dentatis : margine fpinofis floribus rac^mofis ereSis pe- 
dunculis inermibus. Lm. Syjl. Veget ab. p. 724. Sp. FI. 1151. FU ouec. n. 720. 
CIRSIUM caule rea<? fubnudo alato, foliis femipinnatis fpinofis, calycibus molliter fpmofis. 
Haller Hift. n. 170. 
CIRSIUM palujlre. Scopoli FI Carn. n. 1004. 
CARDUUS paluftris. Bauh. Pin. 377. Parkin/. 083. Raii Synop. p. 194- Marlh-Thlftle. Hud/m 
FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 352. Lightfoot FI. Scot, p-453- 
RADIX biennis. 
$ ROOT biennial. 
CAULIS quadripedalis, et ultra, erettus, ramofus, $ 
multangulus, pilis crebris longis albis hir- £ 
futus, alatus, fpinofus, longitudinaliter vi- $ 
ridi et purpureo variegatus. 
FOLIA feffilia, deflexa, lanceolata, acuta, lacerato- $ 
dentata, laciniis horizontalibus, oppofitis, | 
dentibufque latis, obtufiufculis, dente in- * 
fimo cujufque lacinite crifpato, elevato, ve- f 
nofa, pilis remotioribus hirfuta, fupra ob- 
fcure viridia, fubtus glauca, cofta pallide $ 
viridefcenti, fubtus hirfutiflima, margine fpi- | 
nofo, fpinis bafi purpurafcentibus, apice $ 
albis, folia caulina fuprema apice linearia, 
elongata. 
Foliorum rudimenta fpinofa ad caulem quinque • 
et fexfariam interrupta, decurrentia, eum ] 
alatum, fpinofum reddunt. 
FLORES in fummitate caulis ramorumque congefti, ’ 
feffiles, violacei. 1 
CALYX veniricofus, fubovatus, laevis, fublanuginofus, ' 
ar£te imbricatus, fquamis ovatis, convexis, < 
viridibus aut purpurafcentibus, mucrone di- 1 
vergente purpureo terminatis, 1. auEl. fub ] 
mucrone linea prominula nitida notatis, jig. 2. 
COROLLA compofita, tubulofa, uniformis, calyce , 
duplo longior ; Corollulce hermaphroditae, 5 
fubeequales, reflexae ; Corolla propria mono- \ 
petala, infundibuliformis, tubo tenuiflimo, < 
albefcenti ; limbo erefto, bafi ovato, quin- ' 
quefido, violaceo, laciniis linearibus, aequa- . 
libus, unica profundius feparata, jig. 3. ' 
STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, capillaria; An- f 
thera cylindracea, tubulofa, corolla paulo $ 
longior violacea. f 
PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum; Stylus filiformis, 1 
flaminibus longior, pallide violaceus; Stigma 
fimplex, fubulatum, nudum, jig. 4 . * 
SEMINA obovata, obfolete angulata, hinc convexa, f 
inde parum concava, albida, nitida, jig. 5. | 
<> 
PAPPUS feflilis, plumofus, jig. 6. $ 
RECEPTACULUM pilofum, planum. | 
STALK four feet or more in. height, upright, 
branched, multangular, hirfute with nume- 
rous long white hairs, winged, fpinous, va- 
riegated longitudinally with green and 
purple. 
LEAVES feffile, bent downwards, lanceolate, point- 
ed, jaggedly toothed, fegraents horizontal, 
oppofite, together with the teeth broad and 
fomewhat blunt, the lowermoft tooth of each 
fegment crifp’d and elevated, veiny, hirfute 
with hairs Handing remotely, above of a 
deep green colour, glaucous on the under 
fide, the mid-rib of a pale green colour, and 
extremely hairy underneath, the margin of 
the leaf fpinous, the fpines purplifh at the 
bafe and while at the extremity, the upper- 
moft ftalk-leaves elongated and linear at the 
extremity. 
Five or fix rows of fpinous rudiments of leaves 
running interruptedly down the ftalk, render 
it winged and fpinous. 
FLOWERS of a violet colour, felfile, in clufters on 
the top of the ftalk and branches. 
CALYX ventricofe, fomewhat ovate, fmooth, a little 
woolly, fcales lying clofely one over the 
other, ovate, convex, green or purplilh, 
terminated by a purple diverging mucro or 
point, jig. 1. magn. beneath which is a glofly 
linear prominence, fig. 2. 
COROLLA compound, tubular, uniform, twice as 
long as the calyx ; Florets hermaphrodite, 
nearly equal, turned back, each Angle Floret 
monopetalous, funnel-fhaped, the tube very 
flender, whitilh ; the limb upright, ovate at 
the bafe, divided into five fegments, which 
are of a violet colour, linear, equal, one 
more deeply feparated than the reft, very 
flender, jig. 3. 3 
STAMINA: five Filaments; Anther.® forming 
a cylindrical tube, longer than the corolla, 
of a violet colour. 
PISTILLUM : Germen ovate ; Style filiform 
longer than the ftamina, of a pale violet co- 
lour ; Stigma Ample, tapering, and naked, 
jg • 4 - 
SEEDS inverfely ovate, faintly angular, on one fide 
convex, on the other a little concave, 
whitilh, and finning-, R<r r 
DOWN felfile and feathery,' fig! 6. 
RECEPTACLE hairy and flat. 
On moift heaths and commons, in wet meadows, marfhes, and the hno-o-v nartc 10, 
lujlris is a very, common, as well as a very troublefome plant ; in the latter^inintin • W f 00ds> l Car duus pa- 
height of ten or twelve feet, and in fome very favourable fpots of this fnrt -.r ■ ° It / r< ? c i uent 1 ^ grows to the 
no other Britifh herbaceous plant ever attains to. P S f ° rt ’ aC( * u,res a hei S ht which we believe 
As it is a biennial, there is no great difficulty attends its extirpation— was th* j 
weed the noxious plants from his paftures as from his corn-fields, they would foon wear andman as to 
As it is never found but in the fituations above mentioned if is , 
Thiftle ; it has ufually more purple about it than the reft of its l’-imWH ] ' *° mi «aken for any othei 
with white flowers — formidable as its ftalks and leaves are frnm tV,*-’ and vanes as , many of the others dc 
feftly harmlefs. ,r0m their numerous fpines, its heads are per- 
