Tri folium Scabrum. 
Rough Trefoil, 
TRIFOLIUM Linn. Gen, PL Diadelphia Decandria. 
Flores fubcapitati. Capfula vel Legumen vix cal)' ce longius, non de- 
hifcens, deciduum. 
Rail Syn. Gen. 23. Herba: flore papilionaceo seu leguminos/e. 
TRIFOLIUM fcabrum capitulis feflilibus lateralibus ovatis, calycibus inaequalibus rigidis perfidentibus. 
Linn. Sp . PL ed. 3. p. 1084. 
TRIFOLIUM fcabrum capitulis feflilibus lateralibus ovatis, calycis laciniis inaequalibus rigidis recurvis. 
Linn. Syfi. Vege tab. ed. 14. Murr. Scopoli FI. Corn. ed. 2. p. 81. Hudf. FI. Angi. ed. 2. 
p. 327. 
TRIFOLIUM caulibus proflratis, capitulis ovatis, in alis feflilibus, calycibus rigidis, fegmentis re£lis. 
Hali. FUJI. Helv. n. 371. 
TRIFOLIUM flofculis albis, in glomerulis oblongis afperis, cauliculis proxime adnatis. Rail Syn. 
ed. 3. p. 329. Vaill. Par. t. 33. f 1. 
RADIX annua, fibrofa. 
CAULES ex eadem radice plures, procumbentes, 
triunciales ad femipedales et ultra in planta 
culta, teretes, flexuofi, pilis longis fubappreflis 
veftiti, ramofi. 
FOLIA in eadem planta varia, inferiora plerumque 
obovata, obtufa, fuperiora ovata, acuta, uti 
caulis pilofa, mucrone terminata, fubdenti- 
culata, venis ad marginem fuperne praeter 
morem prominentibus. 
STIPULAE nervofas, acuminatae, rubro ftriatas. 
FLORES albi, parvi, angufti, capitati, capitulis ovatis, 
feflilibus, lateralibus. 
CALYX: -Perianthium monophyllum, tubulatum, 
quinquefidum, villofum, in florefcente planta 
rubedine tin&um, laciniis majufculis, lanceo-, 
latis, redliufculis, duabus fuperioribus minori- 
bus, peradta florefcentia reflexo-patulis, rigi- 
dulis, tubus fulcatus, fig. 1 . 
COROLLA papilionacea ; Vexillum redliufculum, 
obtufum ; Al^e vexillo paulo breviores, ob- 
tufae ; Carina longitudine fere alarum,^. 2. 
STAMINA: Filamenta 10, capillaria, alba; An- 
thers flavas. 
PISTILLUM: Germen oblongum, viride; Stylus 
longitudine flaminum ; Stigma capitatum. 
SEMINA intra calycem nervofum folitaria, lutea, 
ovalia, nitida. 
ROOT annual and fibrous. 
STALKS many from the fame root, procumbent, 
from three to fix inches in length or more 
in the cultivated plant, round, crooked, co- 
vered with long hairs fomewhat prefled to it, 
branched. 
LEAVES various in the fame plant, the lower ones 
for the moft part inverfely ovate, obtufe, the 
upper ones ovate, and pointed, hairy like the 
ftalk, terminating in a fhort point, flightly 
toothed, veins near the margin on the upper 
fide unufually prominent. 
STIPULAE rib’d, long-pointed, ftreaked with red. 
FLOWERS fmall, white, narrow, growing in little 
heads, which are ovate, feflile, and lateral. 
CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, tubular, di- 
vided into five fegments, villous, in the 
flowering plant coloured with red, the feg- 
ments fomewhat large, lanceolate, nearly 
ftraight, the two uppermoft ones fraalleft, 
when the flowering is over fpreading and 
fomewhat bent back, a little rigid, the tube 
grooved, jig. 1. 
COROLLA papilionaceous ; Standard nearly 
ftraight, obtufe; Wings a little fhorter than 
the llandard, obtufe; Keel the length nearly 
of the wings, fig. 2 . 
STAMINA: ten white capillary Filaments; An- 
ther ve yellow. 
PISTILLUM: Germen oblong, green; Style the 
length of the flamina; Stigma forming a 
little head. 
SEEDS one within each rib’d calyx, yellow, oval, and 
gloffy. 
The Trifolium fcabrum is a plant found in many parts of Europe, growing in open fituations, and particularly 
affe&ing chalky, or calcareous foils ; we have not obferved it nearer London than the neighbourhood of 
Croydon ; it grows abundantly in the Ifle of Shepey ; is found alfo between Northfleet and Gravefend, and in 
various parts of the kingdom. 
It takes its name of fcabrum from the roughnefs of its heads, a chara6ler not altogether peculiar to this 
fpecies. 
It flowers in June and July, and grows readily from feeds. 
The Calyces, which are tiuged with red when the plant is in flower, become afterwards green. 
In the fpring of the year, while the plant is young, the foliage is remarkably pretty ; the veins on the upper 
fide of the leaf near the margin, which are unufually prominent, being then moft confpicuous. 
Ray has pointed out the leading features of this plant with his ufual acumen; and Vaillant, in his 
Botan. Parif. has given a good figure of it ; the hairinefs on the ftalk is, however, fomewhat too ftrongly 
exprefled. 
It differs from the Trifolium glomeratum, already figured (with which it has fome affinity) in a variety of 
particulars ; in the glomeratum the heads are round, in the fcabrum they are ovate ; in the glomeratum the whole 
plant is fmooth, in the fcabrum it is hairy ; in the glomeratum the flowers are red, in this they are white ; in the 
glomeratum the leaves are ftrongly toothed, here they are faintly fo ; there is a confiderable difference alfo in 
the fegments of the calyx, which deferves a particular attention, as the fpecific defcription of Haller and 
Linnaius taken from this part are greatly at variance; the former defcribes them as ftraight (reciis) obferving 
that they differ in that from thofe of the glomeratum ; the latter defcribes them as bent back •[recurvis ) : the 
fa 61 is, when the plant is in flower, which is the period when it is generally fuppofed to be defcribed, unlefs 
otherwife mentioned, the fegments of the calyx are ftraight, or nearly fo ; when out ol bloom they bend back, 
as Vaillant has reprefented them; in the glomeratum they bend back at a more early period, and always are 
more evidently recurved. 
From Mr. Adams, of Pembroke, we received feeds of this plant growing on the fea-coaft, which he 
fufpe6led to be different from ours : on culture, it proved the fame, varying fomewhat in fuperiority of fize 
