434 
Desinfection etc. 
with material collected out of doors it is difficult satisfactorily to se- 
parate thern, either by gross appearance or microscopic characters ; 
while a detailed examiuation of each species, as at present defined, is 
very eonfusing, and leads to the conclusion that the usual characteri- 
zatiou of these species is erroneous in several respects. 
The form, for iustance, generally known in this country as R. 
penicillata, occurring on Pyrus coronaria and P. malus, as 
well as upou Cydonia vulgaris and perhaps Crataegus, de- 
scribed by Schweinitz asAecidium pyratum, appears to have been 
incorrectly referred to the iirst-mentioned species. The European form 
distributed as E. penicillata ou Pyrus malus aud Crataegus, 
and cousidered by some authorities as a form of R. lacerata, seems 
to be very properly retained by Winter as distinct, under the name 
Aecidium penicillatum, and an examination of four exsiccati 
(Karst. Fung. Fenniae 295, Rabh. Herb. Myc. 788, Rabh. Fung. Eur. 
1390, Eriksson Fung. Scand. 75), together with specimens from the 
Tyrol in Prof. Farlow’s herbarium, indicates a well-marked species 
quite distinct from any American form known to me. The spores are 
as large as those of aurantiaca, averaging about 40p in diameter, 
while the peridial celles are very characteristic. Not ouly are they 
very large (about 120 X 65 p), but the markings are peculiar, and 
consist of fine, clearly marked branching and anastomosing striae ruu- 
uing trausversely without prominent ridges. In our form, on the other 
hand, the spores are smaller, about 25 p in diameter, while the peri- 
dial cells are smaller and narrower, their average measurement being 
about 22 X 80 p, and are marked by striae running obliquely and 
anastomosing obscurely, the outline of the cell being broken by coarse 
ridges. Iu both species, the cells when isolated tend to become curved 
outwards, most conspicuously so in the American form; a fact to which 
is due the outward Curling of the peridial lacerations resulting in the 
habit peculiar to both. (Schluss folgt.) 
Desinfection etc. 
Jahn, E., Wie weit ist die Absonderung infectiöser 
Kranken in den Heilanstalten erforderlich? 
(Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für öffentliche Gesundheitspflege. 
Bd. XVIII. pg. 574 — 613.) 
Gewiss ist die Frage, ob die bisherigen Verordnungen zur 
Verhütung von Ansteckungen innerhalb der Hospitäler dem heu- 
tigen Staude der Wissenschaft noch entsprechen, der eingehenden 
Erörterung werth, zumal wenn man durch Verf. erfährt, dass das 
betreffende Kgl. preussische Regulativ vom 8. August 1835 her- 
rührt, ferner, dass in einigen Garnisonen die durch Infectioneu im 
Lazareth bedingten Erkrankungen die erschreckende Höhe von 
25 Proc. der Gesammterkrankungen erreicht haben. Andererseits 
ist ein näheres Eingehen auf diese Frage deshalb wichtig, weil 
eine ausgedehnte Absonderung von Kranken den Dieust des ärzt- 
lichen, Pflege- und Verwaltungs - Personals sehr erschwert, resp. 
