20 Echin. 
12. In Geological aspect. 
Palaeozoic iron-minerals indicating 
former crinoidal limestone ; Cayeux, 30 . 
13. Phaenology. 
Of Echin. larvae in Plankton ; 
Mielcke, 177. 
VARIATION AND ^ETIOLOGY. 
1023 
1. Variation in form. 
In Echinoconus ; Loescher, 158 : 
in Echinon'eus ; Westergren, 244. 
3. Variation, meristic, numerical. 
Variation in number of arms in 
Amphiodia, Ophiacantha, Ophiactis, 
Ophiologimus and Ophiopholis ; Clark, 
H. L., 52 : in Asterina, Linckici, 
P ter aster, Solaster; Fisher, 81. 
Six-rayed Antedon costatus ; Leu- 
thardt, 154. 
5. Variation, teratologic al. 
In apex of Toxocidaris due to 
presence of parasitic crab ; TliiSry, 
229. 
Abnormal freedom of Carabocrinus ; 
Kirk, 126. 
7. Variation, mutational. 
tlber die Grosse der Variabilitat 
und ihre biologische Bedeutung ; Peter, 
189. 
Variation in skeleton of plutei of 
Strong ylocentrotus ; Moore, 178. 
8. Evolution, general. 
Eleutherozoic habit marks degenera- 
tion in Cystidea but progress in Crinoi- 
dea ; Kirk, 126. 
Evolution of Echinoids; Douvill6, 
71 : of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic 
Echinoids ; Tornquist, 230. 
10. Evolution, phylogenetic. 
Of Echinoderma ; Bather, 9. 
Of Holothurians ; Becher, 14 : of 
Holothurians, Echinoids and many 
families of Crinoids ; Kirk, 126. 
Genealogical table of Scutellidae ; 
Stefanini, 218 : of Peribrissus, Agus- 
[1911] 
sizia and Echinolampas ; Stefanini, 
220 . 
Pentremites descended from Ca- 
daster ; Cumings, 62. 
Of phyllode structure ; Hawkins, 
105 : of Tuberculation of Irregular 
Echinoids ; Hawkins, 106. 
Of nervous systom and symmetry of 
crinoids ; Clark, A. H. } 43. 
DISTRIBUTION. 1027 
A. Geographical. 
i. General. 
Of Echinoidea; Mortensen, 180: 
of Scutellidae ; Stefanini, 218. 
Of Echinoderm larvae in plankton; 
Th6el, 227. 
ii. Atlantic Ocean, etc. 
North Sea, Scarborough, Echinus , 
Solaster ; Irving, 117: Woods, 246 : 
Seilly Isles, Larval and adult Echin o- 
derms [List] ; Browne & Vallentin, 24. 
Migration of Arbacia into Mediter- 
ranean ; Stefanini, 221 . 
Mauritania, Echinodermes ; Koehler, 
133 : Cote occidentale d’Afrique, 
Echinodermes ; Koehler, 128 : Vaney, 
234 : African recent Crinoids ; Clark, 
A. H., 48. 
Philippine Islands, Holothurians ; 
Seale, 206 : Asteroids ; Fisher, 79 : 
Unstalked crinoids ; Clark, A. H., 39 : 
Comaster ; Clark, A. H., 42. 
West Indies, Echinon'eus ; Wester- 
gren, 244: Havana, Blakiaster ; Fisher, 
82. 
iii. Indian Ocean, etc. 
Cyclomeira gen. n. ; Clark, A. H., 
44. 
Zanzibar, spp. n. in Heterometra ; 
Clark, A. H., 45 : E. African recent 
Crinoids ; Clark, A. H., 48. 
Kerguelen Islands, Asteroidea, Ophiu- 
roidea; Koehler, 129 : Mergui Archi- 
pelago, Burma, Ophiuroidea ; M’ln- 
tosh, 168. 
Aru-Inseln, Echinoidea ; Doderlein, 
68 : Seychelles, Pelagothuria ; Simp- 
son, 210. 
V. Echinoderma. 
