88 
Fishery Bulletin 107(1 ) 
Wesley and Benjamin Cummins Publishing, New York, 
NY. 
MacNeil, M. A., G. B. Skomal, and A. T. Fisk. 
2005. Stable isotopes from multiple tissues reveal diet 
switching in sharks. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 302:99- 
206. 
Maia, A., N. Queiroz, J. P. Correia, and H. Cabral. 
2006. Food habits of the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrin- 
chus, off the southwest coast of Portugal. Environ. 
Biol. Fish. 77:157-167. 
Mollet, H. F„ G. Cliff, H. L. Pratt, and J. D. Stevens. 
2000. Reproductive biology of the female shortfin mako, 
Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810, with comments on 
the embryonic development of lamnoids. Fish. Bull 
98:299-318. 
Natanson, L. J., N. E. Kohler, D. Ardizzone, G. M. Cailliet, S. 
Wintner, and H. F. Mollet. 
2006. Validated age and growth estimates for the shortfin 
mako, Isurus oxyrinchus , in the North Atlantic Ocean. 
Environ. Biol. Fish. 77:367—383. 
Olson, R. J., and C. H. Boggs. 
1986. Apex predation by yellowfin tuna (Thunnus alb- 
acares ): independent estimates from gastric evacua- 
tion and stomach contents, bioenergetics, and cesium 
concentrations. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43:1760- 
1775. 
Overholtz, W. J. 
2006. Estimates of consumption of Atlantic herring 
( Clupea harengus ) by bluefin tuna (Thunnus thyn- 
nus ) during 1970-2002: an approach incorporating 
uncertainty. J. Northwest Atl. Fish. Sci. 36:55-63. 
Overholtz, W. J., J. S. Link, and L. E. Suslowicz. 
2000. Consumption of important pelagic fish and squid 
by predatory fish in the northeastern USA shelf eco- 
system with some fishery comparisons. ICES J. Mar. 
Sci. 57:1147-1159. 
Salerno, D. J., J. Burnett, and R. M Ibara. 
2001. Age, growth, maturity, and spatial distribution of 
bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, off the northeast coast 
of the United States, 1985-96. J. Northwest Atl. Fish. 
Sci., 29:31-39. 
Schindler, D. E., T. E. Essington, J. F. Kitchell, C. J. Boggs, and 
R. Hilborn. 
2002. Sharks and tunas in the Central Pacific: fish- 
eries impacts on predators with contrasting life 
histories. Ecol. Appl. 12:735-748. 
Shepherd, G. R., and D. B. Packer. 
2006. Essential fish habitat source document: Bluefish, 
Pomatomus saltatrix, life history and habitat charac- 
teristics, 2 nd ed. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NE-144, 
68 p. 
Steimle, F. W., and R. J. Terranova. 
1985. Energy equivalents of marine organisms from the 
continental shelf of the temperate northwest Atlantic. J. 
Northwest Atl. Fish. Sci. 6: 117-124. 
Stevens, J. D., R. Bonfil, N. K. Dulvy, and P. A. Walker. 
2000. The effects of fishing on sharks, rays, and chimae- 
ras (chondrichthyans), and the implications for marine 
ecosystems. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 57:476-494. 
Stillwell, C. E., and N. E. Kohler. 
1982. Food, feeding habits, and estimates of daily ration 
of the shortfin mako ( Isurus oxyrinchus) in the Northwest 
Atlantic. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 39: 407-414. 
van der Elst, R. P. 
1979. A proliferation of small sharks in the shore-based 
Natal sport fishery. Environ. Biol. Fish. 4:349-362. 
Vaske-Junior, T., and G. Rincon-Filho. 
2003. Stomach contents of blue sharks (Prionace glauca) 
and anequim ( Isurus oxyrinchus) from oceanic waters 
of southern Brazil. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 58:445-452. [In 
Spanish]. 
Wetherbee, B. M., and E. Cortes. 
2004. Food consumption and feeding habits. In Biol- 
ogy of Sharks and their Relatives: Food Consumption 
and Feeding Habits. (J. C. Carrier, J. A. Musick, and 
M. R. Heithaus, eds.), p. 223-244. CRC press, Boca 
Raton, FL. 
Wood, A. D. 
2005. Using bone measurements to estimate the original 
sizes of bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) from digested 
remains. Fish. Bull. 103:461-466. 
