1266 
CII. PHYTOLACCACEiK. 
Tribe II. Euphytolacceae. — Flowers often hermaphrodite. Perianth 4 to o-partcd. 
Ovary of 2 or more carpels. Fruit fleshy, very rarely capsular. Testa membranous or 
crustaceous, smooth. Embryo annular, cotyledons narrow. Flowers racemous, rarely thrysoid. 
Perianth equal. Carpels sessile, free or connate, indehiscent at maturity. 
Testa coriaceous 3. ‘Phytolacca. 
Tribe III. Gyrostemonese. — Flowers unisexual. Perianth entire or lubed. Ovary of 
1 or many carpels, carpels connate. Fruit dry, Testa transversely -ruyose. Embryo annular or 
hamate, cotyledons very often narrow'. Flowers axillary or racemose. 
Perianth obconical. Carpels numerous, separating at maturity and opening 
on the inner edge only 4. Codonocarpcs. 
1 RIVIN A, Linn. 
(After A. Q. Rivinus.) 
(Piercea, Mill.) 
Flowers hermaphrodite racemose. Perianth corolla-like, 4-parted ; segments 
subequal, obovate-oblong, obtuse, concave, coloured, unchanged, erect or spread- 
ing under the fruit. Stamens 4, hypogynous, alternate with the perianth- 
segments. Filaments filiform ; anthers oblong, erect. Ovary subglobose, com- 
pressed, 1 -celled. Style subterminal, short, curved, stigma capitate. Seeds 
globose-lenticular, testa crustaceous, smooth or rugose. — Herbs or undershrubs. 
Leaves alternate. 
1. R. laevis (smooth), Linn. A weak undershrub, sometimes attaining 3 or 
more feet high. Leaves on slender petioles, ovate, acuminate. Racemes 3 or 
4in. long. Fruit small, red. 
Hab.: South America; met with as a stray from garden culture. The fruit, in America, said 
to be the principal food of the thrush and nightingale. 
Plant used as a febrifuge in Ceylon. — Trimen. 
2. MONOCOCCUS, F. v. M. 
(Fruit a single carpel.) 
Flowers unisexual, monoecious or dioecious. Perianth of 4 distinct divisions. 
Stamens in the males 10 to 20, filaments filiform ; anthers oblong-linear. 
Ovary in the females of a single carpel ; style very short, hooked, and decurrent 
in a bearded line along the inner edge of the carpel. Fruit dry, indehiscent, 
covered with hooked bristles. Seed with a thin testa ; albumen unilateral ; 
embryo transversely folded, the cotyledons broad and convolute. — Shrub. Leaves 
membranous. Flowers in racemes either terminal or in the upper axils, the 
males usually in separate racemes or on separate individuals, but sometimes a 
few females at the base of the male racemes or a few males at the summit 
of the female racemes. 
The single species known is endemic in Australia. 
M. echinophorus (bearing ecliinate fruits) F. r. M. b rarjm . i. 47 ; 
Benth. FI. Aiistr. v. 144. A straggling shrub, sometimes more erect and 
attaining 5 or 6ft. Leaves petiolate, from ovate to lanceolate, obtusely 
acuminate, contracted at the base, membranous, 2 to 4 in. long. Racemes 
slender, often 5 or bin. long. Flowers rather distant, shortly pedicellate, 
each within a lanceolate acute bract shorter than the calyx and often 
shortly adnate to the base of the pedicel. Bracteoles 2, small, close 
under the perianth. Divisions of the perianth membranous, very thin, 
about 1 line long, obtuse. Filaments rather shorter than the anthers, often 
connate at the base in a short column when there is no rudiment of the ovary, 
rarely free round a rudimentary or imperfect ovary. Female flowers usually 
without stamina or staminodia. Ovary of a single oblique carpel, the straight 
