Masuda et al.: Fish assemblages associated with three types of artificial reefs 
169 
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 
Figure 4 
The monthly average of individuals of black rockfish iSebastes inermis), jack mackerel ( Trachurus japonicus ), bambooleaf 
wrasse ( Pseudolabrus sieboldi), chameleon goby ( Tridentiger trigonocephalus), and whitespotted pigmy filefish (Rudarius 
ercodes) associated with each type of artificial reef installed off Maizuru, Kyoto, in 2004. 
Table 3 
The number of species and number of individuals of fish recorded during 
observations along transects 1, 2, and 3 before and after the deployment of 
the artificial reefs, expressed as the mean ±standard error (n = 48 and 96 
observations for before and after deployment, respectively). 
Transect 1 
Transect 2 
Transect 3 
No. of species 
Before deployment 
9.69 ±0.61 
9.67 ±0.60 
8.88 ±0.62 
After deployment 
9.40 ±0.43 
9.44 ±0.47 
8.40 ±0.42 
No. of individuals 
Before deployment 
116.9 ±21.5 
237.6 ±44.6 
178.0 ±37.4 
After deployment 
165.7 ±22.7 
225.9 ±34.8 
171.1 ±28.9 
as Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax ja- 
ponicus), and benthic predators, such 
as Japanese flounder ( Paralichthys oli- 
vaceus ), in this area (Masuda, 2008), 
these ARs may well be used as refuges 
from predators. 
Because the size of ARs was 1.5x1. 5 
m and fish were counted within a dis- 
tance of 1 m, the survey area repre- 
sented about 10 m 2 for each AR. The 
density of fish associated with the AR 
was estimated as 4.07, 2.79, and 2.03 
fish per m 2 in and around the cedar, 
broadleaf, and PVC ARs, respectively 
(Table 1). Santos et al. (2005) stud- 
ied fish assemblages associated with 
ARs made of concrete blocks located 
at a similar latitude but deeper depth 
(17-22 m) in south Portugal (37°00'N lat., 7°45' and 
8°00'E long.), and estimated the mean fish density as 
2.01 ±0.74 fish per m 2 and fish biomass as 123.6 ±77.4 g 
per m 2 . Fish density on our cedar ARs was about twice 
as much but the biomass was much less than the value 
reported by Santos et al. This finding was probably the 
result of the cedar ARs hosting more recruited juveniles 
than adults. 
