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Fishery Bulletin 108(2) 
ed negative impacts on the environment are minimal. 
Stock enhancement, defined as the release of cultured 
juveniles into wild populations to augment harvest, has 
been used as a strategy to reconstruct depleted fisheries 
resources (Bell et al., 2008). We suggest that the release 
of reef-associating fish juveniles, such as black rockfish, 
combined with the deployment of wooden ARs would 
be an efficient approach for the recovery of depleted 
coastal fisheries. 
A major problem of deploying ARs is that they at- 
tract fishermen as well as fishes. There is always the 
possibility that fishermen will catch more fish than the 
increase of production because fish attracted to ARs 
are generally more easily exploitable than those spread 
over natural reefs (Powers et al., 2003). Indeed, we of- 
ten observed local anglers fishing at our experimental 
reefs. Therefore, a management strategy is critically 
important in controlling the harvesting pressure at AR 
sites (Pickering and Whitmarsh, 1997). As our long- 
term goal is to improve the productivity of local inshore 
fishing grounds, we would suggest that part of the ar- 
eas to be enhanced should have ARs distributed within 
them and be managed as marine protected areas. 
Acknowledgments 
We are grateful to H. Fujii and other technical staff 
in the Ashiu Forest Research Station for providing the 
materials and construction for the wooden ARs, and 
I. Shiga, K. Sato, and graduate students at Maizuru 
Fisheries Research Station (MFRS) for help in deploy- 
ing the ARs. D. Robert of MFRS, W. Seaman of Univer- 
sity of Florida, and three anonymous reviewers kindly 
provided constructive and insightful comments on the 
manuscript. This research was partly supported by a 
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan 
Society for the Promotion of Science. 
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