Masuda et al.: Fish assemblages associated with three types of artificial reefs 
173 
Pickering, H., and D. Whitmarsh. 
1997. Artificial reefs and fisheries exploitation: a review 
of the ‘attraction versus production’ debate, the influ- 
ence of design and its significance for policy. Fish. 
Res. 31:39-59. 
Polovina, J. J. 
1991. Fisheries applications and biological impacts of 
artificial reefs. In Artificial habitats for marine and 
freshwater fisheries ( W. Seaman Jr., and L. M. Sprague, 
eds.), p. 153-176. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 
Powers, S. P., J. H. Grabowski, C. H. Peterson, and W. J. 
Lindberg. 
2003. Estimating enhancement of fish production by off- 
shore artificial reefs: uncertainty exhibited by divergent 
scenarios. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 264:265-277. 
Reed, D. C., S. C. Schroeter, D. Huang, T. W. Anderson, and R. 
F. Ambrose. 
2006. Quantitative assessment of different artificial reef 
designs in mitigating losses to kelp forest fishes. Bull. 
Mar. Sci. 78:133-150. 
Rilov, G., and Y. Benayahu. 
2000. Fish assemblage on natural versus artificial reefs: 
the rehabilitation perspective. Mar. Biol. 136:931-942. 
Rooker, J. R., Q. R. Dokken, C. V. Pattengill, and G. J. Holt. 
1997. Fish assemblages on artificial and natural reefs in 
the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, 
USA. Coral Reefs 16:83-92. 
Sanchez-Jerez, P., and A. Ramos-Espla. 
2000. Changes in fish assemblages associated with 
the deployment of an antitrawling reef in seagrass 
meadows. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 129:1150-1159. 
Santos, M., N., C. C. Monteiro, and G. Lasserre. 
2005. Observations and trends on the intra-annual varia- 
tion of the fish assemblages on two artificial reefs in 
Algarve coastal waters (southern Portugal). Sci. Mar. 
69:415-426. 
Scharf, F. S., J. P. Manderson, and M. C. Fabrizio. 
2006. The effects of seafloor habitat complexity on 
survival of juvenile fishes: Species-specific interac- 
tions with structural refuge. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 
335:167-176. 
Seaman, W., Jr., and A. C. Jensen. 
2000. Purposes and practices of artificial reef 
evaluation. In Artificial reef evaluation (W. Seaman 
Jr., ed), p. 1-19. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 
Seaman, W., Jr., and L. M. Sprague. 
1991. Artificial habitat practices in aquatic systems. In 
Artificial habitats for marine and freshwater fisheries 
( W. Seaman Jr., and L. M. Sprague, eds.), p. 1-29. Aca- 
demic Press, San Diego, CA. 
Sherman, R. L., D. S. Gilliam, and R. E. Spieler. 
2002. Artificial reef design: void space, complexity, and 
attractants. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 59:S196-S200. 
Xie, S., Y. Watanabe, T. Saruwatari, R. Masuda, Y. Yamashita, 
C. Sassa, and Y. Konishi. 
2005. Growth and morphological development of sag- 
ittal otoliths of larval and early juvenile Trachurus 
japonicus. J. Fish Biol. 66:1704-1719. 
Yabe, K. 
1995. The note of evaluation of artificial fish reefs on 
the sand beaches at Haboro, Hokkaido. Bull. Hokkaido 
Tokai Univ. 8:101-108. 
