234 
THE FERN PARADISE . 
cases which contain them. In the early summer, 
and until each frond has reached its full develop- 
ment, these cases are green ; but they soon turn 
to a rich dark reddish-brown colour, and add to 
the strikingly ornamental appearance of the frond. 
The vigour and hardiness of the Male Fern are 
so great, that in sheltered situations the fronds will 
oftentimes withstand the winter, remaining fresh 
and green throughout, and retaining their verdancy 
until the fresher green of the new spring fronds 
diminishes their lustre by comparison. 
The root-stock of the Male Fern often becomes 
very much elongated, and resting horizontally on 
the hedge-bank or other sloping situation on 
which it may be placed, sends out its tuft of 
fronds from one end, whilst the other is plunged 
in the soil, from whence its matted, wiry, fibrous 
roots gather the essential moisture. 
No fern can be more easily cultivated than the 
Male Fern. Its hardy character renders it 
especially suited to be an inhabitant of the open- 
ait rockery, where it will brave the frosts and 
snows of winter. It can stand sunshine ; but, like 
