150 
Simm ons, Remarks about the JRelations of the Floras etc. 
Hawing been occupied with other similar research.es I have 
conie to consider the question, if analogous features could be 
detected in the distribution of the marine algae. A priori it 
should seem probable that the same cause — the advancing and 
afterwards again retreating glaciation — would have the same 
effect in the case of the marine flora as in that of the land- 
plants, but it must be remembered, that for instance a land- 
connection that could make a retreat possible for the Vegetation 
of a landdistrict, could easily cause the destruction of the inhabi- 
tants of the sea to the north by barring their way southwards. 
However it seems that the influence of the iceage has been on 
the whole the same for the distribution of species as well in 
the sea as on the land, and I think that in the same measure 
as our knowledge of the flora of the different districts becomes 
more complete, similar causes and results shall appear in both 
cases. The following only presumes to be a preliminary attempt 
to throw light upon some points of the problem, a complete 
treatment would require a rather great preparatory work, that 
I have no occasion to undertake at present, notwithstanding 
I should be very rnuch inclined to do it later. 
It is the swedisli arctic work that has enabled us to gain 
a stricter knowledge of the flora at least of some parts of the 
Polar Sea, and Kjellman has in his fundamental work (30) 
treated as well all the rieh material brought home by himself 
and others from different parts of the arctic regions visited by 
the swedish expeditions as also many other collections, and he 
has likewise tried to make use of the Statements of elder 
writers. But it is now more than twenty years since his great 
work was published, other parts of the arctic regions have been 
carefully explored, in many cases the limits of species have 
been altered, old Statements, which Kjellman thought right to 
adopt, have become improbable in the light of newer investi- 
gations on both sides of the arctic circle. I therefore feel 
justified in undertaking a revision of the list of species that 
ought to be counted as arctic. 1 ) I give it below (Table I); it 
is limited to the Phaeophycaee and Rhodopliyceae on account 
of the highly uncertain synonymic of the others groups, 
which makes all comparisons unprofitable, a fact already pointed 
out by several writers, as I have quoted in a paper about a 
comparative investigation of the relation of the marine flora of 
the Faeroe Islands to the other northatlantic floras (38). As 
for the boundaries of the arctic regions, I do not think that any 
part of the coast of Norway can rightly be reckoned as arctic, 
as Kjellman also has pointed out (30, p. 4) and furthermore 
accentuated (30, p. 67) when he says: 'On this account, the 
Norwegian Polar Sea ought not to be comprehended within 
i) When I speak of arctic species, I always only will signify such as 
now live under arctic conditions. 
