Sim mons, Remarks about the Relations of the Floras etc. 
167 
grandifolia and A. flagellaris , go so far south as about 65° does 
not contend against this view, as they can perhaps liave 
wandered other ways or more swiftly. At all events this 
distribution can hardly date back to preglacial time but must 
liave been effected after the maximal glaciation. If tlie land- 
bridge liad been broken for ever already in tertiary time, even 
with the slow progress that these algae probably are capable 
of, there would have been time enough for them to blend 
throughout the whole coast line. Also it seems impossible, 
with the help of preglacial factors, to explain how Laminar ia 
saccharina , a decidedly temperate alga, has come to grow far 
up on the East Greenland coast but not in the Southern parts of 
it, when at the same time extremely arctic species as Laminaria 
longicruris and Agarum Turneri are found to the south of its area. 
There is another feature of the distribution of arctic algae, 
left almost quite out of consideration as yet, that must however 
be examined, namely the distribution of the arctic species outside 
the Polar Sea. The following table (VI) gives a summary of 
the most important points thereof. 
Table VI. 
Distribution of species 
Phaeo- 
phyceae 
Rhodo- 
pliyceae 
Total 
S -4J 
X o 
5 £ 
Atlantic-arctic-pacific 
34 
30 
64 
40 
Atlantic-arctic . 
39 
35 
74 
47 
Pacific-arctic 
2 
4 
6 
4 
Arctic, endemic. 
9 
6 
15 
9 
It may perhaps be needed to remark, that I always use 
the words atlantic, etc. only to signify species growing in the 
Atlantic, resp. Polar Sea, * etc., not as terms with any other 
meaning. The same species therefore very well can be called 
as well arctic as atlantic, resp. pacific. The case is, that I can 
not see there has been anything won with the division of the 
northatlantic and arctic floras, introduced by Reinke (-10. p. 
94 — 95). The autlior says himself, that he only for shortness 
sake speaks of an arctic, an hemiarctic, a subarctic, and an 
atlantic series of algae, but, since almost every autlior, working 
with an atlantic or arctic marine flora has feit obliged to use 
those terms, they have only led to confusion. The name hemi- 
arctic is never used, as far as I know, but Kuckuck (34. 
p. 10) has created in its stead a northatlantic series. As the 
