Simmons, Remarks about tlie Relations of tlie Floras etc. 
169 
nioides, doubtless are ratlier late immigrants from the Pacific, 
where tfiey liave their principal area of distribution. 
A group of species that must be discussed in detail, is tliat 
of the endende forms in the Polar Sea. Kjellman has 27 such 
species (30, p. 74 — 75), but about them it has come true to a 
greater degree than he has thought probable himself, wliat he 
says (30, p. 49) : — — „it is thus certainly possible that some 
one or other of them, attention being now drawn to it, may 
prove to go southward — — When such are withdrawn, 
together with the forms now not upheld as species, we should 
get only 8 or 9 arctic-endemic species. Still some new have 
been found, and consequently the list of such algae now contains 
the following 15: 
Ectocarpus pycnocarpus 
Kjellmania subcontin ua 
Coelocladia arctica 
Myriocladia callitricha 
Maria grandifolia (?) 
— oblong a 
— elliptica 
Laminaria groenlandica 
— Agardhii. 
If those species (9 per et. of the wliole arctic flora) should 
without restriction be standing for the future as endemic. in 
the arctic regions, tliis doubtless would give a momentous 
support to the opinion of Kjellman, that the arctic flora is old 
in its present area, but I think that, by submitting them to a 
thorougli scrutiny, we will get a somewhat different view of 
them. Most of the species are hitherto only known from the 
original locality or a rather small area and will probably 
gradually be found to have a much wider dispersion, as has 
already been the case with several of Ivjellman’s and 
Rosenvinge’s new species, or to be nearly allied to species of 
Southern waters. Coelocladia arctica is the representative of a 
monotvpic genus, the only one that is endemic in the arctic regions. 
Even if it is hardly restricted to the west coast of Greenland, 
there is nothing to be said about it at present. Kjellmania sub- 
continua and Myriocladia callitricha have their nearest relatives 
in the northern Atlantic. Of the three Alarias one, A. grandi- 
folia , is found in the neighbourhood of the northatlantic area 
of dispersion of the genus and probably also grows within 
that district, the two others, seen only at one point near Bering 
Strait, probably will be found also in the northern Pacific, 
where the genus sliows its greatest development and is represented 
by a eonsiderable nurnber of species, or at least tliese two may 
be regarded as immigrants from the Pacific, which have become 
differentiated after their transplantation to the Polar Sea. The 
two Laminaria u seem to be bound to the arctic sea nearest to 
the Atlantic, where they have their relations. On the other 
C all y men i a Sch mi tzi i 
Turnerella rosacea 
Bhodochorton intennedium 
— spetsbergense 
Petrocelis polygyna 
Lithothamnion arcticum. 
