170 
S i m m o n s , Remarks about the Relations of the Floras etc. 
liand, if the extremely arctic, wide spread L. solidungula 
does 110 t grow in the Pacific, as seems most probable after the 
before. mentioned Statement of Setchell, we should there have 
a true arctic species, that would give a certain snpport to the 
theory of Kj eil man, as it is among the algae wlio can perhaps 
with a better right than most others be set up as survivors of 
the glacial period in the Polar Sea itself. 
All the 6“ Rhodophyceae must be said to be little known and 
pertaining to genera, as yet too insufficiently studied, to be apt 
to be used to prove anything about the history of the arctic 
flora. Moreover one, Rhodochorton intermedium , is said to be 
identic with Rh. Rothii (Jönsson, 28, p. 2). I think already 
wliat is hitherto said, will be almost enough to prove that we 
can not have any right to conclude from the endemism in the 
Polar Sea, that there has been a long-continuecl evolution of 
species, liaving tlieir original homestead in those ice-encumbered 
waters, and never liaving quitted them even during the most 
unfavorable times of the iceage. 
The great number of species (64, 40 per ct.) common to 
the north Atlantic, the Polar Sea and the northern Pacific could 
certainly also seem to support the above mentioned view of 
Kjellman, but, if this circumstance is examined together with 
another, I think it will sooner prove quite a different course of 
development. I mean the fact that a number of species, not 
growing in the Polar Sea, are notwithstanding found in the 
northern parts as well of the Atlantic as of the Pacific. 
J. Gr. Agardh has been the first algologist to draw the 
attention to the question about the appearance in widely 
different parts of the world of the same species. When he 
first commented upon it in 1862 (2) he was most inclined to 
think, that botanists, who profess to have found common 
european species in far away seas, have been missled by some 
outward likeness; corresponding but not identic species have 
been found. Where still the same species occur in different 
regions, the distribution is due to the currents; thus he speaks 
of an american-european floral province within the ränge 
of the colder part of the Gulfstream, and of a circum- 
american province that is characterized by Ayarum and by 
otlier Laminaria- species than the former. Even the latter 
should have got its limits through currents. This view is again 
discussed and upheld in another paper (4, p. 8—9 and 11) 1872, 
but in the mean time Agardh has himself identified an alga 
from Spitzbergen with a species described from California 
( Fucus Harveyanus ) in a treatise publislied 1868 (3, p. 10) and 
here he also speaks of the joint appearance of many species of 
algae in the Atlantic and Pacific. He tliinks that this is due 
to a current that transports algae from New Foundland and 
Spitzbergen to northwestern America and Kamshatka. But as 
Kjellman (30, p. 55) points out, such a current is never ob- 
