246 
The Ferns of South Africa. 
Widely distributed in cold countries. In South Africa and 
other sub-tropical countries seldom below 4000 feet alt.; growing 
in open grassy slopes. 
West. — Mountains of Hottentot’s Holland (Zeyher). 
East. — Boschberg (MacOwan). 
Kaff. — Bethel (Zeyher), Katburg (Holland), Perie, and Mount Kemp, rare. 
Natal. — Inanda, Umpumulo, Maritzburg (Buchanan) (Plant 329). 
Transvaal. — Macamac (M'Lea, 19). 
164. Lycopodium Carolinianum. Linn. 
Plate CLVI. Fig. 1. Natural size. b. Capsule and bract, enlarged. 
Stem quite prostrate, rooting at every branch, pinnately 
branched, three to nine inches long, and terminated by the fertile 
spike, or more frequently extending beyond it ; leafless on the 
under surface, but with a row on each side of spreading, nearly 
horizontal, obliquely lanceolate or falcate, pointed, firmly herba- 
ceous leaves, a quarter to half-inch long, and one line broad ; and 
also with the upper surface thinly covered with smaller, lanceolate 
pointed, somewhat imbricated leaves in about three rows, which 
keep the direction of the stem, but are not closely adpressed, and 
are hardly half the size of the others. Fertile spike single, one to 
two inches long, two lines diameter, on a nearly naked erect stalk, 
two to four inches long. Bracts in regular lines, roundly ovate or 
sub-cordate, with a deflexed or spreading point. The growth of 
the stem is nearly annual, the older stem dying off during dry 
weather, leaving only the branches, or two to three inches of the 
point to start again. I have not seen more than two spikes on one 
plant, though Schlechtendal figures five on a plant without 
branches, and names it L. repens, Sw. There are several forms of 
this species, and ours is L. sarcocaulon, Welw., distinguished by 
its very large side leaves. 
L. carolinianum. Linn. Sp.; Kunze, Linnsea, 10.485 ; Pappe and 
Rawson, 48 ; Baker, Fern Allies, 28 ; Kuhn, Fil, Afr. 183. 
L. repens. Sw. ; Schl. Adum. 5, tab. 4. 
