WHITE ASH. 
35 
tain where it is sheltered, the Ash arrives at a great size. The largest 
trees will be found where they have running water within reach of their 
roots. Marshall recommends the Ash to be planted alternately with the 
Oak, because as the Ash draws its nourishment from the surface and the 
Oak from the subsoil, the ground would thus be fully and profitably occupied. 
It should undoubtedly be planted either along with its own species, or with 
other trees, so as to draw it up with a clear, straight stem, the value of 
the timber depending on the closeness and clearness of the grain. 
The species is always propagated from seed, and the varieties by graft- 
ing or budding on the species. The seeds should be gathered, and taken 
to the rotting ground, mixed with light sandy earth, and laid in a heap of 
a flat form, not more than 10 inches thick, in order to prevent them from 
heating. Here they should be turned over several times in the course of 
the winter, and in February they may be removed, freed from the sand by 
sifting, and sown in beds in any middling soil, well broken by the rake. 
The seeds may be deposited at the distance of half an inch every w T ay, and 
covered a quarter of an inch with soil. The plants may be taken up at 
the end of the year, and planted in nursery lines ; and at the end of the 
second year they may be removed to where 'they are finally to remain. 
The Weeping -Ash, .properly treated, is one of the most ornamental 
shrubbery trees I have seen abroad. The limbs of a regular tree are pinned 
to the ground in a circle, and in a few years form an arbor of great beauty ; 
a seat is placed around the stem. 
The Golden-barked Ash and many other varieties are also an ornament 
to the shubbery not to be neglected by the tasteful planter.] 
WHITE ASH. 
Polygamia dioecia. Linn, 
Jasraineæ. Juss. 
Fraxinus americana. F. foliis integerrimis , longé acuminatis, jpetiolutis , 
subtiis glaucis. 
The White Ash is one of the most interesting among the American 
species for the qualities of its wood, and the most remarkable for the 
