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RED PINE, or NORWAY PINE, 
Pinus eubra. P. arbor maxima ; cortice rubente ; foliis binis 4-5 uncialibus ; 
vaginis ferè uncidlibus ; strobilis ovato-conicis , basi rotundatis, folio dimidio- 
brevioribus, squamis medio dilatatis, inermibus. 
Pinus resinosa, Ait. Hort. Kew. 
This tree is called by tbe French inhabitants of Canada Pin rouge , Red 
Pine, and the name has been preserved bj the English colonists. In the 
northern parts of the United States, it is called Norway Pine, though dif- 
fering totally from that tree, which is a species of Spruce. The first of 
these denominations should be adopted by the Americans, especially as it 
is founded on a distinguishing character of the species, which will be taken 
notice of in its place. 
In a journey made by my father in 1792 to Hudson’s Bay, for the pur- 
pose of remarking as he returned the points at which the vegetables of this 
northern region appear and disappear, he first observed the Red Pine near 
Lake St. John in Canada, in the A8th degree of latitude. Toward the 
south I have not seen it beyond Wilkesbarre, in Pennsylvania, in latitude 
41° 30' ; and it is rare in all the country south of the river Hudson. It 
is found in Nova Scotia, w'here it bears the same name as in Canada, and 
also that of Yellow Pine. Mackenzie, in the narrative of his journey to 
the Pacific Ocean, mentions it as existing beyond Lake Superior. 
But the Red Pine does not, line the Black Spruce, the Hemlock Spruce, 
and the White Pine, constitute a large proportion of the extensive forests 
which cover these regions, but occupies small tracts of a few hundred acres, 
alone or mingled only with the White Pine. Like most species of this 
genus, it grows in dry and sandy soils, by which the luxuriance of its vege- 
tation is not checked, for it is 70 or 80 feet in height and 2 feet in diameter. 
It is chiefly remarkable for the uniform size of its trunk for two thirds of 
its length. 
The bark upon the body of the tree is of a clearer red than upon that 
of any other species in the United States : hence is derived its popular 
name, and hence I have substituted the specific epithet rubra for that of 
resinosa , employed by Aiton, and adopted by Sir A. B. Lambert. Another 
