LONG-LEAVED PINE. 
August are the most productive months. When the circulation is slack 
ened b j the chills of autumn, the , operation is discontinued, and the 
remainder of the year is occupied in preparatory labors for the following 
seaèons, which consist — first, Jn making the boxes. This is done in Janu- 
ary and February : in the base of each tree, about 3 or 4 inches from the 
ground, and of preference on the south side, a cavity is formed, commonly 
of the capacity of three pints, but proportioned to the size of the trunk, of 
which it should occupy a quarter of the diameter ; on stocks more than 6 
feet in circumference, two, and sometimes four boxes are made on opposite 
sides. Next comes the raking, or the clearing of the ground at the foot of 
the trees fi;om leaves and herbage, by which means they are secured 
against the fires that are often kindled in the woods by the carelessness 
of travellers and wagoners. If the flames gain the boxes already impreg- 
nated with turpentine, they are rendered useless, and others must be made. 
Notching is merely making at the sides of the box two oblique gutters, 
about 3 inches long, to conduct into it the sap that exudes from the edges 
of the wound. In the interval of a fortnight, which is employed in this 
operation, the first boxes become filled with sap. A wooden shovel is used 
to transfer it to pails, which in turn are emptied into casks placed at con- 
venient distances. To increase the product, the upper edge of the box is 
chipped once a week, the bark and a portion of the alburnum being 
removed to the depth of four concentric circles. The boxes fill every 
three weeks. The turpentine thus procured is the best, and is called pure 
dipping. 
The chippings extend the first year a foot above the box, and as the dis- 
tance increases, the operation is more frequently repeated, to remove the 
sap coagulated on the surface of the wound. , The closing of the pores, oc- 
casioned by continued rains, requires the same remedy ; and it is remarked 
that the produce is less abundant in moist and cool seasons. After 5 or 6 
years the tree is abandoned; the upper edge of the wound becfomes cica- 
trized, but the bark is never restored sufficiently for the renewal of the 
process. 
It is reckoned that 250 boxes yield a barrel containing 320 lbs. Some 
persons charge a single negro with the care of 4,000 or 4,500 trees of one 
box; others, of only 3,000, which is an easy task. In general, 3,000 trees 
yield, in ordinary years, 75 barrels of turpentine and 25 of scraping, which 
supposes the boxes to be emptied five or six times in the season. The 
scraping is a coating of sap which becomes solid before it reaches the 
boxes, and which is taken off in the fall and added to the last runnings. 
In November, 1807, the pure dipping was sold at Wilmington at three 
dollars a barrel, and the scraping a quarter less. 
In 1804, the exportation to the Northern States and to the English pos- 
sessions amounted to 77,827 barrels. During peace it comes even to Paris, 
