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LONG-LEAVED PINE. 
the middle is a hole with a conduit leading to the ditch, in which is formed 
a receptacle for the resin as it flows out. Upon the surface of the mound, 
beaten hard and coated with clay, the wood is laid round in a circle like 
rays. 
The pile, when finished, may he compared to a cone truncated at two- 
thirds of its height and reversed, being 20 feet in diameter below, 25 or 
30 feet above, and 10 or 12 feet high. It is then strewed with pine-leaves, 
t covered with earth, and contained at the sides with a slight cincture of 
wood. This covering is necessary in order that the fire kindled at the top 
may penetrate to the bottom with a slow and gradual combustion; if the 
whole mass was rapidly inflamed, the operation would fail and the labor 
in part be lost ; in fine, nearly the same precautions are exacted in this 
process as are observed in Europe in making charcoal. A kiln which is 
to afford 100 or 130 barrels of tar, is eight or mine days in burning. 
As the tar flows off into the ditch, it is emptied into casks of 30 gallons, 
which are made of the same species of wocfd. 
Pitch is tar reduced by evaporation : it should not be diminished beyond 
half its bulk to be of a good quality. 
In 1807, tar and pitch were exported to England from the United States 
to the amount of $265,000 ; the tar was sold at Liverpool, in August of 
the same year, at $4 67c. a barrel, and when the embargo became known, 
at $5 56c. : from which inferences may be drawn to the advantage of the 
United States. At Wilmington, the ordinary price is from $1 75c. to 
$2 20c. a barrel. 
Oddy informs us that the tar brought to England between 1786 and ’99, 
came in equal proportions from Russia, Sweden and the United States ; only 
a very small quantity was drawn from Denmark. The Swedish tar is the 
most highly esteemed in commerce, and next, that of Archangel ; that of 
the United States is considered inferior to both, which is owing to its being 
made from dead wood, while that of Europe is extracted from trees recently 
felled : I shall speak more particularly of the difference arising from this 
cause in the description of the Pitch Pine. The tar of Carolina is said 
also to contain earth ; this can be attributable only to the want of care in 
preparing the receptacles ; if the same pains were taken in its preparation, 
it would probably equal that of Europe, though it must be considered that 
the tar of Russia and Sweden is produced by a different tree, a native of 
the north of Europe. It has already been remarked that in the United 
States this manufacture is confined to the maritime part of North Carolina, 
and to a small tract of Virginia : but, according to the rate of consump- 
tion in America and Great Britain, the product would not long suffice if 
all the extensive regions covered with the Long-leaved Pine were made to 
contribute to this object ; for the dead wood is said not to be renewed upon 
a tract that has been cleared, in less than ten or twelve years. It might 
